Center for Responsible Environmental
Strategies
El Paso Juarez Air Shed Annotated Bibliography
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
[Article in Spanish]:
Air pollution is not an isolated problem, affecting one region or country, but
is present everywhere that man is active. There was a time when smoke coming out
of chimneys was viewed as a sign of economic progress, and very little
attention was paid to its effect on man's health. Today, man, conscious of the
hazards of these environmental contaminants, strives to find a way of
alleviating the problem. The border towns of
Libraries with item: UT-Austin, Benson LAC G614.05 OF3 V.70-71 1971
Abeyta, Cynthia G. and Raymond G. Roybal. Ground-Water
Quality, Water Year 1995, and Statistical Analysis of Ground-Water-Quality
Data, Water Years 1994-95, at the Chromoic Acid Pit
ABSTRACT [from report]: The chromic Acid Pit site is an inactive
waste disposal site that is regulated by the Resource conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976. The 2.2-cubic-yard
cement-lined pit was operated from 1980 to 1983 by a contractor to the U.S.
Army Air Defense Artillery Center and
Ground-water samples collected from
monitoring wells at the Chromic Acid Pit site during water year 1995 contained
dissolved-solids concentrations of 481 to 516 milligrams per liter. Total chromium concentrations detected above
the laboratory reporting limit ranged from 0.0061 to 0.030 milligram per liter;
dissolved chromium concentrations ranged from 0.0040 to 0.010 milligram per
liter. Nitrate as nitrogen
concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 2.8 milligrams per liter; nitrite plus
nitrate as nitrogen concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 3.2 milligrams per liter. Water samples from wells MW1 and MW2 were
analyzed for volatile organic comp9unds for the first quarter; no confirmed
volatile organic compounds were detected above laboratory reporting
limits. Detected chemical concentrations
in water from the chromic acid pit monitoring wells during the four sampling
periods were below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-established maximum
contaminant levels for public drinking-water supplies. Overall, water-quality characteristics of
water from the chromic acid pit ground-water monitoring wells are similar to
those of other wells in the surrounding area.
Statistical analyses were performed on 56
of the chemical constituents analyzed for in ground water from the chromic acid
pit monitoring wells. Concentrations of
chloride, fluoride, sulfate, and potassium were significantly less in water
from one or both downgradient wells than in water from the upgradient
well. Concentrations
of nitrate as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and dissolved solids
were significantly greater in water from the downgradient wells than in water
from the upgradient well.
Concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen, chloride, and potassium were
significantly different in water from the two downgradient wells. Statistical analysis of chemical constituents
in water from the chromic acid pit monitoring wells did not appear to indicate
a release of hazardous chemicals from the chromic acid pit. There was no indication of ground-water
contamination in either downgradient well.
Addison
Wesley Educational. "
ABSTRACT:
Case study for undergraduate economic courses. The study looks at use of
permits for emissions for individuals like industrial discharge permits from
cost benefits viewpoint.
Aguirre,
Manuel and Applegate, Howard G. "Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide in the El
Paso Cd.-Juarez Area."
ABSTRACT:
Portions of
Continuous Air Monitoring Stations (CAMS) were monitored from October, 1976 to
June, 1981. There were 29 days where CO exceeded standards for 8-hour
measurements. All the days were between late October and early February, with
the majority occurring in December and January. Wind rose data was used to
correlate the measurements with sources of emissions. Periods where violations
occurred were from late afternoon to evening. These periods were also times of
chief vehicle traffic, with El Paso peak times occurring at 7:00 and 17:00 and
peak times for Juarez being 9:00 and 19:00. The wind direction and times
clearly showed traffic in
Vehicles are the major source of CO in
Libraries with item: UT-Austin, Life Science Library, Center for American
History, Geology Library, Q 1 T4
Aguirre, Manuel. A Study of Carbon Monoxide in the El Paso-Cd.
ABSTRACT:
This thesis discusses the problems
Libraries with Item:
TEXAS STATE LIBR,TNRCC, 363.7392 AG9S C.1, UT- EL PASO, TD 883.1.A485 f, Manuscripts
Z5055.U5T48 no.1759 f.
Air
Pollution Subcommittee, El Paso-Ciudad Juárez-Las Cruces Area Environmental
Health Committee of the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez Bi-National Health Council. Progress report on air pollution survey in El
Paso-Ciudad Juárez-Las Cruces area: February, 1972 - December, 1974. [
SUMMARY:
This report presents the results of an air pollution-monitoring program
conducted in the El Paso-Cd. Juarez-Las Cruces U.S.-Mexico border air shed
during the years 1972, 1973, and 1974.
A major aspect of this program’s
accomplishment has been the development of international cooperation between
six federal, state, and local government agencies, with coordination by the
U.S.-Mexico Border Field Office of the Pan American health Organization.
Monitoring activity has concentrated on two air contaminants of special
interest in the area—sulfur compounds and suspended particulates. Monitoring
methods primarily used were sulfation plates and high volume air samplers.
Major sources of air
contaminants within the area include a primary copper, lead, and zinc smelter,
two cement plants, two petroleum refineries, two large brick plants, a
municipal solid waste disposal site, unpaved streets, and vehicular
transportation—specifically, the automobile. Population of the area exceeds one
million presently, and projected growth rates predict 1.5 million by 1985.
Suspended particulate levels
were found to be highest in commercial sections of the population center of the
area and generally lover in residential and rural sections. Of the ten
suspended particulate sampling locations, only two showed any annual geometric
means below the U.S. Standard of 75ug/m3, with two other locations
showing at least one annual geometric mean below the Pan American health
Organization suggested reference level for the Pan American Air Pollution
Monitoring Network of 100ug/m3. The highest annual geometric mean
recorded was 343ug/m3 in a commercial area, while the lowest
recorded was 42ug/m3 in a rural area. Benzene soluble analyses of
165 suspended particulate samples in 1974 showed a range of 0.2ug/m3 to
107.7ug/m3.
Sixty-five sulfation plate
locations showed several areas affected by sulfur compounds. The most severely
affected area is that around the large smelter. Other areas appear to be
affected by petroleum refineries, a sulfuric acid plant, and open sewage
canals.
Conclusions and recommendations
of this report are centered on continuation and improvement of the monitoring
effort, movement toward control strategies, and consideration of a formal
international mechanism for the continued pursuit of acceptable air quality
throughout the area.
Libraries with Item: UT-El Paso TD 883.5 T4P764
Air
Resource Specialists, Inc.;
ABSTRACT:
The TACB established a visual air quality monitoring site on the roof of the
library at
Libraries with Item: TSLAC - 363.7392 V82 C.1 TNRCC - A1200.8 V829 1986
Amaya, Maria
Alvarez, R.N.C., Ph.D. "Preliminary analyses of prenatal exposure to lead
and birth outcomes in pregnant women along the border." Presented at The
Libraries with Item:
Applegate,
Howard G. Air quality issues, El Paso/Cd. Júarez.
INTRODUCTION (from issue paper):
Two questions dominate discussions concerning air pollution in the El
Paso-Ciudad Juarez area. First, do the aerial pollutants produced in either
country cross the
By looking at air samples and depositions of heavy metals, blood-lead levels of
children living in both cities, it was determined that the smelter in El Paso
was responsible for some of the aerial pollutants in both cities.
The study examined why little has been done to control the problem by looking
at past border disputes, perceptions of pollution in both countries, the
inefficiency of government agencies, the differences in concepts of ownership
of the air, and the U. S.—Mexican relationship. Possible solutions were proposed
that included informal policy making by local authorities, and formulation of
ambient air standards.
Libraries with Item: UNIV OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN, Benson Latin American Collection,
UNIV OF TEXAS AT EL PASO - TD 883.5 T4 A66 1982.
Applegate, Howard
G., "Allocation of vehicular emissions of carbon monoxide in El Paso,
Texas, and Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua." Environmental Science &
Technology, vol. 15, no. 8, 1981: pp. 963-6.
ABSTRACT:
Some of the CO measured in the city of
Libraries with Item:
UT-Austin, Engineering Library - TD 180 E5 V.15 1981 PT.1, PT.2
Applegate, Howard
G. Diffusion of Harmful Air Pollutants within the El Paso-CD.Juarez Air
Shed: A Proposal.
SEVERELY EDITED:
Diffusion of effluents within areas having uneven terrain can be difficult to
predict. Rugged mountains, high mesas and deep arroyos characterize the entire
border area between El Paso-Cd. Juarez and Ajo-Sonoita. Meteorological
diffusion patterns within the area are most complex.
A diffusion model for air
pollutants can be used to: (1) locate areas where air pollutants are now being
deposited and thus alert health authorities to possible health effects; (2)
pinpoint areas where new housing, new schools, and new hospitals should not be
located; and (3) locate sites where new industries can be built so that their
effluents will inflict the least amount of damage to the health of the
population.
Studies were started five years
ago [1973] to map diffusion patterns within the EPJAZ air shed in an effort to
both locate populations subjected to air pollutants and to aid in the placement
of hospitals, schools, homes and industries. The first two years soil and
vegetation were sampled to detect build-up of pollutants and areas of
deposition. The third year two scale models of EPJAZ were built, taken to the
This year we attempted to
synthesize the data. The data proved to be too scanty and inadequately
distributed. Much more meteorological data and many more sampling sites are
needed.
This plan proposes to complete
the wind tunnel study and to undertake eighteen months of field study in order
to achieve the following objectives: (1) to construct an air pollution
diffusion model for El Paso-Cd. Juarez (2) to utilize the model to determine
where air pollutants are presently being deposited and alert the health
authorities in both cities to any potential health problem (3) to utilize the
model to determine where industrial effluents can be put into the atmosphere
with a high degree of probability that they will be naturally diluted below
hazardous levels before reaching populated areas; to make this information
available to the planning authorities in both cities.
Two papers included as
appendices:
Bhaduri, Sachindranaray. Diffusion
Study of the Model of
Gray, Robert. Identification
of Pollution Particulates. UTEP, 197 (?).
Libraries with Item: UT- El Paso Library - TD883.5.T4A665
Applegate, Howard
G. "A discussion of the United-States
ABSTRACT:
There are three states, two nations, and one airshed without a region-wide
program to address air pollution problems. The winter air inversions guarantee
that what ever enters the airshed stays in the common air. The introduction of
heavy industry in Cuidad Juarez could have serious impact on the region's air
quality. Industry was not a major contributor to Total Suspended Particulate, while
unpaved streets in
The different legal views in
Location: UT-Austin, Public Affairs Library, Geology Library, HC 10 N3
Applegate,
Howard G. Environmental Problems of the Borderlands.
INTRODUCTION (edited):
The once sparsely inhabited
No attempt will be made to present absolute numbers. Instead, the potential for
environmental degradation within each country along the borderland will be
given. Sufficient data will be presented to allow the calculation of air,
water, and solid waste pollutants within each country. As populations shift,
industries change, and laws are passed to protect the environment, new
calculations can be made using these data.
As two of the three major North American countries, the
Libraries with Item: The University of
Applegate H. G.,
"International air pollution in
Libraries with Item: LAMAR UNIV, TEXAS A&M UNIV, UNIV OF HOUSTON, CLEAR
LAKE,UNIV OF N TEXAS, 117 others. LC: GE55, Dewey: 363.7 005.
Applegate, Howard
G. "Transboundary Air Quality - Problems and Prospects from El-Paso to
ABSTRACT:
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Public Affairs, Geology - LC: HC 10 N3.
Applegate, Howard
G. "Transfrontier Air Pollution Along the
United-States-Mexico Border." Environmentalist, Vol. 4, no. 3,
1984: pp.219-227. ISSN/0251-1088.
Libraries with Item: BAYLOR UNIV, TX SOUTH TEXAS COL OF LAW LIBR, 93 other
libraries. LC: TD 169
Applegate, Howard
G. and C. Richard Bath, eds. Air pollution along the United States-Mexico
border: the First Binational Symposium on Air Pollution held on the campus of
the University of Texas at El Paso, September 27-28, 1973 = (Contaminacion
del aire a lo largo de la frontera Mexico-Estadounidense) : memoria del Primer
Simposio-Binacional sobre Contaminacion Atmosferica a lo largo de la frontera
Mexico-Estados Unidos.
ABSTRACT:
A collection of papers presented at the First Binational Symposium on Air
Pollution along the United States-Mexico Border, held
Relevant Papers include:
"Vehicular Air Pollution in the United States Along
the Border." By Woody Russell. (see Russell for Abstract)
"State Statutes and Regulations Applicable to Air Pollution in the El Paso
Area." By Vince Taylor. (see
"Do the Existing Air Pollution Statutes and Regulations Provide the
Required Protection in the El Paso-Juarez Area?" By John
C. Ross. (see Ross for Abstract)
"International Cooperation in the Abatement of Environmental Air Pollution
in the El Paso-Juarez Area." By Francis S. Ainsa, Jr. Discusses landmark
international law case on transborder pollution (1 Can.YB Innt'l 2113) known as
the Trail Smelter Dispute and cites it as need for creation of cross-border
agency for air quality like the US-Mexico Water Board.
"Joint air pollution sampling Developed in the Cities of Juarez, Chihuahua
Mexico,
"Air Pollution and Respiratory Disorders in El
Paso-Juarez." By Dr. Larry P Jones. A rundown of known effects of air pollution on respiratory
disorders with a call for more research into the air quality in
Libraries with Item: The
TSLAC-MAIN 363.6 B511, 1973 1 BOOK
UT-Austin, Center for American History , Benson,
Public - TD 883.5 R56 B56 1973
Applegate,
Howard; Herbert, Jacqueline S.; Canderlaria, Robert M. Air Quality Issues in
the El Paso/Cd.
ABSTRACT:
This document pulled together several papers on various aspects of air quality
along the border.
Herbert, Jacqueline S., Robert M. Canderlaria, and Howard
Applegate. "A Survey of Total Suspended Particulates and Heavy
Metal Levels in the Ambient Air of El Paso, Texas from 1972 To 1979."
Researchers collected 3,778 samples from four locations and examined them for
contaminants. From 1972-1975 researchers sampled every third or fourth day on a
24-hour basis. From 1975-1979 they sampled for a 24-hour period every sixth
day. Testers used a digestion process and analysis by atomic absorption
spectroscopy. The results showed elevated pollutant levels at sites east of
Applegate, Howard. "Carbon Monoxide Concentrations in
Jones, Andrew D. "Transportation-Air Pollution Interaction: Factors &
Strategies." This paper provides a discussion of several variables which
impact emissions. Jones’ figures include data showing how speed affects various
pollutant concentrations: hydrocarbon emissions increase as speed decreases,
but nitrogen oxides increase as speed increases. He notes that higher altitude
results in higher emissions and that vehicle aging results in higher CO
emissions. Applied specifically to
Applegate,
H. G., and K. A. Redetzke. "Heavy metal pollution in
ABSTRACT:
Ambient concentrations of lead, zinc cadmium and arsenic were measured in
Libraries with Item: UT-
Arrieta, Daniel E.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated effects of particulate organic extracts from
the Paso del Norte airshed along the U.S.-Mexico
border. [
ABSTRACT (from thesis):
The Paso del Norte airshed is composed of two major cities, El Paso, TX and
Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico as well as the small town of Sunland Park, NM. Over 2
million people live in this region, the largest metropolitan area along the
U.S.-Mexico border. The region faces numerous environmental challenges, many of
which are unique to the area. Air pollution is perceived to be a significant
environmental health issue, although only a handful of relevant studies have
been conducted. In the present study, we have sought to begin the
characterization of particulate organic matter and related biological effects.
PM10 filters were collected for 3 winter months from three EPA
monitoring sites in the region: Advance Transformer, located among maquiladoras
and brickmaking facilities in
Libraries with Item: The
Asarco,
Inc. El Paso Plant.
Pollution prevention plan,
Libraries with Item:
Ballard, H.N., M.
Izquierdo, C. Tate, G. Romero, M. Paganini, C. Becerra, J. De La Reza.
"Study of Upper Air Winds in
ABSTRACT:
Researchers used a tethered balloon system with meteorological sensors in
conjunction with ground systems and a camera for visibility assessment.
Measurements were taken as the same time McElroy's study used lidar to measure
airborne aerosol. The balloon data showed early A.M. inversions at 150 meters
which weakened and dissipated through the day. Researchers found the
balloon-based data were a factor or two less than the ground based
measurements. The visibility camera study did not produce direct correlations
between images captured and measured air quality levels. The researchers
suggest that targets with "well-defined optical characteristics" be
used to produce more accurate measurements of visibility.
Barr. "Lidar-Observed Wind Patterns in the Mexico-New
Mexico-Texas Border Region." 1994. SCERP Project.
ABSTRACT:
Following six ozone exceedances in the Sunland Park area and in anticipation of
increased traffic and development in the area, various state and national
agencies collaborated to conduct a study using Light Detection and Ranging
(LIDAR) and Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) to assess air quality issues on the
Mexico, Texas and New Mexico borders. The specific objectives were to provide a
data set which could be used to determine the effects of local meteorology and
terrain upon pollution transport in the El Paso/Juarez/Sunland Park air shed;
to provide base-line measurements for assessing the environmental impact of
anticipated development; and to demonstrate the effectiveness of lidar remote
sensing technology for air quality measurements. The investigators found that
lidar and LDV measurements are remarkably consistent with each other, and
therefore lidar is an effective tool for assessing air quality. The research
also found that the low mixed layer height combined with the wind from the
south and east likely causes the brown cloud near Las Cruces. Additionally, the
report notes that because of the way in which ozone forms and the characteristics
of the air movement near
http://air.utep.edu/publications/
Barron E.M.,
"Environmental health issues along the United States-Mexico border: an
airshed in evolution." Texas Medicine, vol. 95, no.10, Oct.,
1999:pp.58-9
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
The El Paso area represents a unique ecosystem with a transboundary airshed
shared by 3 cities, 3 states, and 2 countries. That toxic air pollutants
respect no borders is exemplified clearly in this federally designated nonattainment
area. However, a combination of grassroots involvement and studies under way
through the scientific community has led to evolving approaches directed at
improving air quality and identifying its impact on human health. The
involvement of physicians and cooperative efforts among governments and
communities has and will be key in this continued effort
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Life Science Library R 11 T3927 V.95 1999
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this research is to: (1) determine the extent to which
environmental equity played a role in the four case studies; and (2) determine
how attitudes and perceptions of the participants led to feelings of inequity
and to discover and develop alternative channels of communication and
representation through which minorities can become aware of the possible
consequences of a given hazardous waste disposal program and the EPA and state
agencies can identify, understand and accommodate protest before a group
becomes alienated.
Approach: At each case study we will document the sequence of events leading to
controversy and interview the actors who were involved: scientists and
engineers, government officials, commercial and media interests, along with
public interest group representatives, and individual activists.
http://es.epa.gov/ncer/
Bath, C. Richard,
editor. Vehicles and air pollution in El Paso/Cd. Juarez.
INTRODUCTION:
A portion of
A study of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from vehicles showed that
contribution from these foreign and federal sources made it improbable that
Exceedence episodes of CO were analyzed. It was concluded that every time the
federal standards were exceeded, some of the CO measured came from federal or
foreign areas.
A binational symposium was held
The papers contained in this monograph are:
"Topography, Climatology
and Traffic" by H. G. Applegate
"El Paso and Federal
Standards: by M. Aguirre, J. E. Crocker, and H. G. Applegate
"International Bridge
Crossings" by J. Price and H. G. Applegate
"Predictions of CO Levels
Near the University of Texas at El Paso Using the Caline 3 Dispersion
Mode." By G. D. Olmstead
"History of CO Measurements
Up to 1980" by H. G. Applegate
"CO Measurements in El
Paso" by J. Reynoso and G. Gonzalez
"CO Measurements in Cd.
Juarez" by G. Gonzalez and H. G. Applegate
"Carbon Monoxide and Fort
Bliss: I. Ride Sharing Program II. Air Pollution Control
Analysis and Goal" by B. M. McDonald and F. Rab
"Concentraciones de
Monoxido de Carbono en Cd. Juarez, Chih." (Concentrations of Carbon
Monoxide in
Libraries with Item:UT Austin, Benson -TD 883.5 T4 V445 1983 COPY 2, 3
Benson, J. D. ; Dresser, George B. ; Bell, Charles E. Corp Author(s)
Texas Transportation Institute. ; Texas.; Dept. of Transportation. ;
ABSTRACT:
This report documents the mobile source emissions estimation methodology used
for the conformity analysis of the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) and
the metropolitan transportation plan for Paso. Included in the report is a
brief overview of the estimation methodology and the 24-hour traffic
assignments used in the analyses; the methods used to estimate the seasonally adjusted
time-of-day vehicle miles of travel and associated operating speeds; the
estimation the emission rates using the EPA's MOBILE5a program; and brief
outlines the method used to develop the emission estimates using the emission
rates and comparisons of the emission estimates for the Build and No Build
options. An appendix presents the emission rates developed conformity analysis.
Interim research rept. Apr 92-Aug 94. Also pub.
Libraries with Item: TSLAC T1311.7 R311 NO. 1375-5 1
Berman,
N. and A. Brazel.
"U.S.-Mexico Air Quality Climate." Journal of Applied Meteorology,
Special Edition. Vol. 34, No. 3, 1994:pp. 719-730. SCERP Project Number:
A97-5
Goal:
This project addresses the difficulty that current numerical models have in
calculating wind flow and vertical mixing of pollutants in complex terrain in
arid climates. Synoptic classification is used to identify meteorological
conditions characteristic of high-pollution periods at
The similarity arguments used to analyze the relationship of the physical model
to the atmosphere are discussed. Although the magnitude of the wind vectors in
the physical model cannot be matched to the atmosphere, the directions can be
used to assess the accuracy of the wind field obtained from a sparse set of
field sites. A range of locations of these sites is analyzed to determine a
strategy for obtaining sufficient wind data to depict satisfactory wind fields
in this complex terrain.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Engineering - QC 851 A66 V.35
NO.1-6 1996
Blanco, Abel
Javier. An infrared spectroscopic view of atmosphere particulates over El
Paso, Texas. [
ABSTRACT:
A novel method of monitoring atmospheric particulates in urban environments, a
microspectrophotometric technique was described for the analysis of a set of 9
impactor samples of atmospheric dust collected near the surface from an urban
environment in
Libraries with Item: UNIV OF TEXAS AT EL PASO - TD 883.1.B523 1971;
Microfilm - MF 317 Roll 77; Spec. Coll. Manuscripts - Z5055.U5 T48 no.764 f
BLANCO
AJ and MC INTYRE RG. "An infra-red spectroscopic view of atmospheric particulates
over
HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS.
A novel method of monitoring atmospheric particulates in urban environments, a
microspectrophotometric technique was described for the analysis of a set of 9
impactor samples of atmospheric dust collected near the surface from an urban
environment in
Bohren,
Wolff, CSU/NCVECS. A
Characterization of Border Vehicles: Emissions and Maintenance Profile, Cost
Effective Repair, and Air Quality Impact, 1994.
ABSTRACT (1994):
Goals of research were to characterize vehicles crossing the border; determine
vehicle mechanical condition; perform diagnostics on polluting vehicles; report
emissions reductions after repairs on "gross" polluting vehicles;
develop owner/vehicle maintenance profiles; and finally to develop a database
to analyze vehicle distribution, fleet emissions characteristic; and diagnostic
and maintenance/ repair costs. In general the remote sensing results showed
that CO emissions are a greater problem on the
http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Bowen, M. T.
Kontuly and G. Hepner,"Estimating Maquiladora Hazardous Waste Generation
on the U.S./Mexico Border," Journal of Environmental Management [Journal
of environmental economics and management], vol. 19, no. 2: pp.281-296.
ABSTRACT:
Maquiladoras, manufacturing plants that primarily assemble foreign components
for re-export, are located in concentrations along the northern frontier of the
US/Mexico border. Hazardous waste generation by maquiladoras represents a
critical environmental management issue because of the spatial concentration of
these plants in border municipalities where the infrastructure for waste
management is nonexistent or poor. There is no standard reporting method for
waste generation or methodology for estimating generation rates at this time.
This paper presents a method that can be used for the rapid assessment of waste
generation. Using the INVENT model of the World Bank, an approximation of the
hazardous waste generation for five municipalities, including Cd. Juarez.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Public Affairs, PCL - HC 79 P55 J78.
Bravo, Humberto
and Torres, Ricardo, "Situacion actual de la calidad
ABSTRACT:
This survey of measurements of pollutants for major cities shows Cuidad Juarez
to be second only to
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Benson - TD 883.7 L29 H33 1989
Brown, Michael
J.; Muller, Cathrine; Wang, Ge; Costigan, Keeley Energy and Environmental
Analysis, Los Alamos National Laboratory "Meteorological simulations of
boundary-layer structure during the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study",
The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 10, no. 276 (1-3), Aug. 2001:
pp.111-33.
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Meteorological simulations centered around the border cities of
Casuccio, Gary S.
Corp Author(s):
ABSRACT:
Computer controlled scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze ambient
TSP on hi-low filters. Several other methods were used to confirm the CCSEM
results. CCSEM registered 19 elements and 65 particle types, while a Proton-Induced
X-Ray measured 62 elements. With the exception of aluminum, silicon, sulfur and
calcium the CCSEM and other scanning micoscopy methods were accurate.
Libraries with Item: TSLAC 1) A1200.8 M463AMB 1983
CERON, FRANCISCO.
VEHICLE EMISSIONS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES. [
SUMMARY.
This industry sector analysis includes the market for gas analyzers, natural
gas and gasoline dual fuel systems, natural gas distribution tanks equipped for
services stations, mobile air monitoring stations, gas meters, catalytic
converters, and software programs to identify levels of air contaminants by
mobile sources. The harmonized codes covered in this study are detailed in
Table 6-in section D. Mexico has 400 official air emissions testing centers,
called VERIFICENTROS for gasoline engines, 210 mobile centers for diesel
vehicles, and 350 air emissions monitoring stations. The National Institute of
Ecology (INE) has been working with environmental authorities at the local
level to authorize more centers and monitoring stations in 1999,
and with the Secretariat of Transportation and Communications (SCT) for the
authorization of new, better equipped centers for diesel vehicles.
ABSTRACT:
Researchers used a sample of 800 vehicles to collect tailpipe measurements of
hydrocarbon and CO emissions and conduct visual inspections of emission control
components and odometers. Nine sites, including two at the international
bridges, were set up on September 24 and October 4, 1990 in Cd. Juarez. The results
showed that previous studies of tampering grossly underestimated the actual
percentage of vehicles (67.2%) that had visible evidence of tampering with
emission control systems. Only a small percentage vehicles,
4-6%, showed malfunctions in emission control systems, and around 20 % of
vehicles passed emission tests.
Committee
on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress. "Transborder Air Pollution, Including the Impact
of Emissions From Foreign Transborder Commuter Vehicles on Air Quality in
Border Regions : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on
Health and Environment of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives,
One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session,
ABSTRACT:
Committee heard testimony from Federal, state, and local governments and a
panel of non-governmental organizations from San Diego on issues of transborder
commuter traffic and air quality. Dissatisfaction with the Commission for
Environmental Cooperation and lack of trans-border cooperation in the San Diego
area were common themes in testimony. Representatives also blamed NAFTA for
some the pollution problems.
Libraries with Item:
TSLAC 1) Y 4.C 73/8:105-60 1 BOOK USDOCUMENT
UT-Austin, Public Affairs Library, PCL DOCS
Y4.C73/8:105-60 -
Crocker, James
Edward. A study of ozone in the
ABSTRACT:
Monitoring results have shown that El Paso County does not comply with the
National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone. This study was undertaken to
determine reasons for the non-compliance. The author concluded that the
observed increase in the susceptibility of animals to bacterial infection. If
further studies show that low concentrations of ozone increase the
susceptibility of humans to bacterial infection, a higher standard may be
needed. Comparisons between monitoring stations suggested that further study in
oxidant forming reactions in ambient atmospheres would be needed. While the
State Implementation Plan called for an 18 percent reduction in emissions, the
author suggested that unless all emissions in El Paso and Cd.Juarez are
included, El Paso would not be in compliance. If the Empirical Kinetic Modeling
Approach is valid, El Paso-Cd. Juarez would not be able to meet NAAQS for ozone
even with the most stringent emission control requirements.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC 363.73875 C87S C.1
UTEP Main StacksTD181.T49 C763 S88,Spec.
Coll. Manuscripts - f Z5055.U5T48 no.1687 f
Crocker,
J. E. and Applegate, Howard G. "Ozone Concentrations in
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Engineering - TD 881 J18.
Currey, Bob,
& Wen-Whai Li,
ABSTRACT:
a cooperative effort among six universities, several local and state
authorities, and federal government agencies to characterize the ambient PM2.5
concentrations and to prioritize the sources of emissions in the region through
chemical mass balance or other receptor modeling analyses. The benefits that
will accrue include improved visibility, reduction in mortality due to the
decreased concentration of fine particles, and decreased morbidity due to
decreased concentrations of particle-borne hazardous air pollutants. Four
objectives have been identified: 1. Characterize the nature of particulate
matter, both PM2.5 and PM10, within the basin. 2. Conduct and support
activities to develop and/or refine PM emissions inventories in the air basin
to determine the fingerprints of PM sources. 3. Conduct PM chemical mass
balance/receptor modeling and identify the sources of emissions and their
relative strengths. 4. Establish a regional information center or clearinghouse
to coordinate other monitoring and research activities within the air basin.
Dattner, Stuart
and Spiegelman, Clifford H. "Applying and developing receptor models to
the 1990
ABSTRACT:
This paper represents an ongoing receptor modeling research of airborne species
in
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Chemistry QD 71 A47 V.275-277 1993
Dattner,
ABSTACT:
Libraries with Item: UT-
Dattner, Stuart. Experimental design of the
Libraries with Item: TNRCC 1) 628.53 D11E C.1 1 BOOK TNRCC-MAIN
ABSTACT:
This is the outline of a proposed study into using microscopy analysis of
samples from air pollution monitoring stations to determine the makeup and
sources of suspended particulate matter in the El Paso airshed. The study was
the foundation for the 1990 El Paso/Cuidad Juarez PM10 study (Dattner, 1994).
Dattner, Stuart. Estudio
de factibilidad
ABSTACT:
Libraries with Item: AS-43B C.1 1 BOOK TNRCC, C.2
Davila GH.
"Joint air pollution sampling program in twin cities on the U.S.-Mexico
border." Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization Boletin de la
Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, 1976, vol.10, no.3: pp.241-6.
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Dayal,
Prabhu. Analysis of
NO-b2-s/NO[x] Ratios in Natural Gas Pipeline Compressors Station Plumes. [
ABSTRACT (from thesis):
This report analyzes the NO2/NOx ratios from typical
shortstack natural gas pipeline compressor station plumes. The ratios were
analyzed with measurements made at two remote compressor stations with air
quality and meteorological monitoring stations located at downwind distances
corresponding to the short-range and long-range transport phenomena of the
emissions of nitrogen oxides [NOx]. Mean travel times ranged from
0.7 to 5.7 minutes at the short-range transport station (SRTS) located 268
meters downwind in contrast with mean travel times of 1.8 to 16.9 minutes at
the long-range transport station (LRTS) located 610 meters downwind. The data
analysis methodology for the two stations incorporated screening of hourly and
ten-minute averages, editing of wind direction sectors and validation for the
minimum detectable limit of the air quality analyzers. The ratios and travel
times were computed and analyzed for three separate travel time categories
consisting of large, medium, and small travel times. The statistical
significance and correlation of the ratios were analyzed with regression and
95% confidence limit plots to evaluate the relationship with the variables
travel time, nitrogen oxides levels and ozone levels. Frequency distribution
charts were used to illustrate the interrelationships between the variables
under separate scenarios.
The results of the analysis indicate significantly lower NO2/NOx
ratios, in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 at short downwind distances, influenced by
small travel times and relatively high nitrogen oxides levels in contrast with
ratios in the range of 0.7 at large downwind distances, influenced by large
travel times and low nitrogen oxides levels. Ozone levels were found to
influence the conversion process of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide with a
trend of higher NO2/NOx ratios when background ozone
levels increased. Mean ratios at the SRTS were approximately 0.5 when analyzed
for high background levels of ozone in contrast to about 0.1 when background
ozone levels were low. The analyses to evaluate the influence of NOx
levels on ratios indicate a mean ratio of 0.5 at low NOx levels in
comparison to a mean ratio of 0.003 at high NOx levels at the SRTS.
These results illustrate the low conversion rate at short distances from the
exhaust stacks where most of the NOx are in the form of NO with
predominantly high concentrations of NOx. However, the comparative
analyses for travel time, ozone levels, and NOx levels for the LRTS
indicate approximate NO2/NOx ratios in the range of 0.7
which were influenced by predominantly low NOx and NO2
levels and larger downwind distances and travel times. These conversion rates
of NO2/NOx ratios downwind from compressor station plumes
indicate that assumptions of complete conversion of nitric oxide [NO] to
nitrogen dioxide [NO2] at the exhaust stack tip will be very
restrictive with overestimates of NO2, especially for short travel
times or short downwind distances, when air quality dispersion models are used
to review compliance with NO2 standards.
Libraries with Item:
Díaz-Barriga,
Fernando; Batres, Lilia ; Calderón, Jaqueline; Andrés, Lugo; Luiz Galvao, Irma
Lara, Rizo, Pedro; Arroyave, María Elena; McConnell, Rob." The El Paso
Smelter 20 Years Later: Residual Impact on Mexican Children," Environmental
Research, vol. 74, no. 1, Jan 1997, pp. 11-16
ABSTRACT:
Although there has been considerable concern regarding cross-border industrial
contamination between Mexico and the United States, there are remarkably few
data. One notable case study is the smelter in
Location: IDEAL http://www.idealibrary.com/cgi-bin/links/toc/er
Diem,
Jeremy E., and Andrew C. Comrie. "Air quality, climate, and policy: a case study of ozone
pollution in
ABSTRACT:
This article addresses the need to better understand the complex interaction
between climate, human activities, vegetation responses, and surface ozone so
that more informed air quality policy recommendations can be made. The impact
of intraseasonal climate variation on ozone levels in Tucson, Arizona, from
April through September of 1995 through 1998 were determined by relating
variations in ozone levels to variations in atmospheric conditions and
emissions of ozone's precursor chemicals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and by determining month-specific atmospheric
conditions that are conductive to elevated ozone levels. Results show that the
transport of month-specific atmospheric conditions conducive to elevated ozone
concentrations differ substantially between the arid foresummer (May and June)
and the core monsoon months (July and August). Transport of pollution from
CURRENT ISSUES and recent volumes in: OCLC FirstSearch ECO
http://firstsearch.oclc.org/journal=0885-4122;screen=info;done=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/ejour/;FSIP
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Architecture Library HT 166 J686
.
Dornblaser,
Bright Carley. El Paso carbon monoxide modeling report: section 818
demonstration. Austin, Tex.: Texas Natural Resource Conservation
Commission, 1995. Notes: 2 v. : p., ill., maps ;, 28
cm.; "August 1995."/ "Publication number SFR-27."/ Includes
bibliographical references; Gov Doc: N330.8 EL69 1995. OCLC: 34500491.
ABSTRACT:
This study showed how
Libraries with Item: TSLAC 1N330.8 EL69 1995 V.1, V.2, A&M UNIV
Druschel, William
Alan. Corp Author(s): George Washington University.;
SUBJECT(S): Air -- Pollution -- Law
and legislation -- Texas -- El Paso Transboundary pollution -- Law and
legislation -- Texas -- El Paso Air -- Pollution -- Law and legislation --
Mexico -- Ciudad Juarez. Transboundary pollution -- Law and
legislation --
OCLC: 31178837
Libraries with Item: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, LAW LIBR.
Duttaroy,
Probal. A Computer
Simulation Model to Determine the Effects of Bridge-delays on Pollution. [
ABSTRACT (from thesis):
The El Paso/Ciudad Juarez urban area, for all practical purposes, could be
considered a single metropolis. Communication links between the two areas of
this metropolitan area are a major determinant of its growth and well-being.
Delays in transportation, both commercial and passenger retards industrial
growth on both sides of the border by inhibiting potential investors from
expanding their existing facilities or opening new ones. A study of the traffic
flow across the border is essential to determine its effects on pollution. This
thesis is primarily a study of the functioning of the trans-border vehicular
traffic so as to determine a valid and reasonably accurate method of studying its
effects on vehicular emission. A computer simulation of one of the bridges
provided a valid method of studying the operation of border traffic. The bridge
selected for this study was the Cordova Bridge. The results obtained give a
reasonable idea of the effects of the operating parameters of the bridge on
vehicular emissions.
Libraries with Item: UT- El Paso Library - TD886.5 .D88, special collections -
Ms Z5055 .U5T48 no. 4336.
Einfeld, Church,
Sandia National Laboratories, Winter Season Air Pollution in El Paso-Ciudad
Juarez. 1995.[Sandia, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories, 1995.
ABSTRACT:
This document provides a summary of air quality studies completed in the El
Paso-Ciudad Juarez area over a 20 year span. It then presents information on a
winter PM-10 study conducted by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) under an
agreement with the EPA. Results from this review and winter study include the
following: industrial stationary sources are not a major contributor to PM;
vehicle emissions in Cd. Juarez are on average three times those of vehicles in
El Paso; vehicle miles traveled in El Paso are about three times those in Cd.
Juarez; winter PM-10 levels are highest in the Cd. Juarez-El Paso downtown
areas and in general increase toward Mexico; winter stagnation and complex
terrain limit pollutant dilution; crustal sources (e.g. unpaved roads)
contribute 38% and vehicles contribute 19% to PM-10 levels in the area.
Following are relevant studies included in the SNL review that are not already
summarized in this ATRI report: Bath, C.R (ed.). 1983. "Vehicles and Air
Pollution in El Paso-Cd. Juarez." Center for Inter-American and Border
Studies, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX. This report features
articles by several authors discussing a lack of correlations among topography,
climatology, and traffic and various sites in the El Paso-Ciudad Juarez area;
CO releases at international bridge crossings; using CALINE 3 to model CO
levels near UTEP; the history of CO measurements in El Paso; CO grab sample studies
finding "hot spots"; and CO levels near Fort Bliss. Energy Technology
Consultants. 1983. "Identification of the Sources of Total Suspended
Particulates and Particulate Lead in the El Paso Area by Quantitative
Microscopic Analysis: Volume I and Volume II." Murrysville, PA. This study
found that 50-85% of the total suspended particulates are from urban soil
sources. This effort also concluded that analysis by microscopic analysis and
by elemental tracer techniques were in agreement. McElroy, J. 1990. "1989
El Paso-Juarez Particulate Pollutant Transport Study." Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency. Researchers
conducted an airborne lidar study to ascertain the suspended particulate
problem in the area and to select sites for a PM-10 monitoring study. The
research combined lidar backscatter measurements with ground based aerosol
concentration measurements and found that the two were often inconsistent at
identical sites. They also discuss why these inconsistencies might exist. The
study also provides specific information on using lidar effectively in
predicting CO and PM-10 levels. McDonald, C., M. Paganini, F. Romero, C.
Becerra. 1990. "Study of Upper Air Winds in El Paso During an Air
Stagnation Event (Visibility and Extinction Measurements)." Electrical
Engineering Department, University of Texas at El Paso. Ballard, H.N., M.
Izquierdo, C. Tate, G. Romero, M. Paganini, C. Becerra, J. De La Reza. 1990.
"Study of Upper Air Winds in El Paso During an Air Stagnation Event with
Aerosol Measurements as Related to Visibility." Electrical Engineering
Department, University of Texas at El Paso. Using three measurement processes
(tethered balloon, ground based, and camera) researchers document temperature
inversions and indirect measurement of aerosol burden in the vertical
dimension. These data are compared to lidar measurements taken concurrently.
The camera based data were used to estimate extinction values. Gray, H.A., C.A.
Emery, M.P. Ligocki. 1991. "Modeling Program for the PM-10 State
Implementation Plan Development for the El Paso/Ciudad Juarez Airshed."
Systems Applications International. This effort provided EPA with suggestions
for modeling approaches to develop the state implementation plan. At least 15
models were reviewed and the researchers concluded that a dispersion model such
as UAM in conjunction with a receptor model would be most effective. They also
note that the lack of source information from Mexico is likely to be a problem
in any modeling effort. Stedman, D.H. 1993. "Interim Report on Vehicle
Measurements in El Paso, Texas and Juarez Mexico" and "Second Interim
Report on the [El Paso-Cd. Juarez] Remote Sensing Study." University of
Denver. Researchers developed an infrared remote sensing unit that can measure
CO2, CO and hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions. Results from this remote sensing
was that CO and HC emissions in Cd. Juarez are roughly three times those in El
Paso. Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. 1993. "A Version of the
MOBILE5 Emission Factors Model with User-Revisable Input Data Files." The
consultants revised the MOBILE5 code so that it would apply to Cd. Juarez
vehicles. Texas Transportation Institute. 1994. "Ciudad Juarez MOBILE5
Data Collection." Researchers gathered data on the Cd. Juarez vehicle
fleet to yield better MOBILE5 inputs.
Location: http://www.prod.sandia.gov/cgi-bin/techlib/access-control.pl/1995/950273.pdf
Energy and
Environmental Analysis, Inc. "A version of MOBILE5 Emission Factors Model
with User-Revisable Input Data Files." Arlington, Virginia: Energy and
Environmental Analysis, Inc., 1993.
ABSTRACT:
EPA's Emission Control Strategies Branch commissioned EEA to adapt the EPA
MOBILE 5 Vehicular Emissions Code for use in Cuidad Juarez. As MOBILE5 is
hard-coded in US emission control technologies, modifications were made to
allow for input to make the code applicable to vehicles in Juarez, or any other
foreign location.
Environmental Protection
Agency; SEDESOL. "Ciudad Juarez Industrial Emissions Study --EPA-SEDESOL,
1992-93."
ABSTRACT:
A cooperative study by EPA Region 6 in conjunction with SEDESOL, the Mexican
Federal counterpart of EPA, to examine emissions from industrial sources in
Cuidad Juarez in September 1992. Personnel from California and Texas air
quality agencies worked with SEDESOL personnel in field visits to five
facilities to create a report with estimated air emissions, recommendations for
controls, and a Reasonably Available Control Technology for each industrial
type examined. This was the first in-depth study of Mexican industrial
emissions conducted by U.S. personnel. TNRCC conducted training sessions for
over 100 SEDESOL engineers in 1992 and 1993 on emission gathering technologies.
The reports and data are considered proprietary information and public release
of material is subject to the approval of the Mexican Federal Government.
Location: http://www.us-mex.org/
Espino, Tania
Tamara. Use of microwave digestion and ICP-MS to determine elemental
composition of air particulates in El Paso/Juárez airshed. [El
Paso]:University of Texas at El Paso, 2000. Notes: xviii; 180 leaves ; ill.
(some col.); col. maps; 28 cm; Master's thesis no. 5374; includes
bibliographical references (leaves 136-140).
ABSTRACT (from thesis):
In the El Paso, Texas-Juarez, Mexico airshed particulate matter is a serious
problem. Analysis of PM-10 filters can help us understand the composition,
toxicity, and origin of these particulates, their distribution and circulation
through the airshed. Because air quality varies depending on the season of the
year in this area, one low-wind day each for spring, summer, fall, and winter
was selected.
In this project, we hoped to identify particulate matter in El Paso-Juarez air
now and over the last few years, in order to determine concentrations and sites
of toxic metals in those particulates. Also, we attempted to link the specific
particle types to their sources, and interpret the evolution of particulate
matter assemblage over time. Inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry
(ICP/MS) was used to determine up to 65 elements in the filters, after
microwave assisted acid dissolution. Isotopic information for lead was also
obtained through this technique.
We reported on the elemental composition of particulates found in ambient air
filters collected in El Paso and Juarez over three years: 1994, 1995, and 1996.
Relatively high levels of copper, lead, arsenic and chromium were found in the
particulate matter. Their elemental distribution varied depending on sampling
year and on season. Fall and winter samples showed higher concentrations of
these elements, with the worst levels apparently associated with temperature
inversions.
There may be three point or limited area sources responsible for the presence
of these elements, two in Juarez and one in El Paso. These sources may include
a large copper smelter and two maquiladoras parks perhaps involved in
electronics and magnet fabrication.
Libraries with Item: UT-El Paso - QD2998 .E875 2000, Spec. Coll. Manuscripts -
Z5055.U5 T48 no.
Fernando, H.J.S.;
Lee, S.M.;, Anderson, J.; Princevac, M.; Pardyjak, E. and Grossman-Clarke, S.
"Urban Fluid Mechanics: Air Circulation and Contaminant Dispersion in
Cities,." Environmental Fluid Mechanics, vol. 1, no. 1, Jan 2001:
pp.107-164.
ABSTRACT:
Recently, many urban areas of the world have experienced rapid growth of
population and industrial activity raising concerns of environmental deterioration.
To meet challenges associated with such rapid urbanization, it has become
necessary to implement wise strategies for environmental management and
planning, addressing the exclusive demands of urban zones for maintaining
environmental sustainability and functioning with minimum disruption. These
strategies and related public policy must be based on state-of-the-science
tools for environmental forecasting, in particular, on mathematical models that
accurately incorporate physical, biological, chemical and geological processes
at work on urban scales. Central to such models are the mechanics of
environmental fluids (air and water) and their transport and transformation
characteristics. Although much progress has been made on understanding environmental
flow phenomena, a myriad of issues akin to urban flow, the transport phenomena,
air and water quality and health issues (epidemiology) remain to be understood
and quantified. We propose to initiate a new focus area – Urban Fluid Mechanics
(UFM) – tailored to research on such issues. For optimal societal impact, UFM
must delve into fundamental and applied fluid flow problems of immediate
utility for the development of urban public policy and environmental
regulations. Such efforts often entail the use of `whole' systems approach to
environmental studies, requiring careful synthesis between crosscutting areas.
In this paper, a few topics in the realm of UFM are presented, the theme being
the flow and air quality in urban areas. Topics such as the scales of flow, the
atmospheric boundary layer, pollutants and their transport and modeling of flow
and air quality are briefly reviewed, discussed and exemplified using case
studies. Identification of important flow-related issues, rigorous
multidisciplinary approaches to address them and articulation of results in the
context of socio-political cause calebre will be the challenges faced
by UFM.
Fitch, M.J. and
S.W. Brazel. "1994. U.S.-Mexico Air Quality Climate." 38th Annual
Meeting of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, April 16, 1994.
ABSTRACT:
Using the Temporal Synoptic Index (TSI) approach, researchers constructed a
database of long-term synoptic climatology for the U.S.-Mexico border region.
This was one of several projects to look at border climate issues with the TSI
approach that combined forces to do comparative analysis. The goal is to
provide an understanding of the frequency and magnitude of atmospheric
conditions on a regional scale, as such data are needed as inputs to dispersion
models.
The results found that in low flow cases and for diurnally varying wind in line
with local topography in the El Paso region, that boundary layer wind profiles
were consistently different below terrain obstacle height, as compared to above
that level in the free air. Temperature profiles revealed strong inversions,
particularly in the morning below the 200-400m above ground level.
Additionally, this work found excellent correlations among various data sources
and the researchers concluded that UTEP’s Doppler Radar and Radio Acoustic
sounder (DRRAS) data and the National Weather Service (NWS) surface
observations may be sufficient for most applications in specifying the
extremely low level inversion characteristics of the boundary layer
environment.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin Q 11 A72 A23 Marine Science Library, Port
Aransas USE IN LIBRARY ONLY
Fujita EM.,
"Hydrocarbon source apportionment for the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone
Study." The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 10, no.
276(1-3), Aug. 2001: pp. 171-84.
ABSTRACT[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
The 1996 Paso del Norte (PdN) ozone study was conducted to improve current
understanding of the significant meteorological and air quality processes that
lead to high concentrations of ozone in El Paso, Texas (USA) and Ciudad Juarez,
Chihuahua (Mexico). Two-hour canister samples were collected five times daily
at 05.00-07.00 h, 07.00-09.00 h, 09.00-11.00 h, 11.00-13.00 h, and 15.00-17.00
h MST during intensive study periods at one urban and one rural site on each
side of the border. An automated gas chromatograph was operated at one site in
central El Paso. Source profiles (the fractional chemical composition of
emissions) from motor vehicles, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and
commercial natural gas were combined with source profiles from other studies
for input to the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model to apportion the
measured non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) to sources. On-road vehicle emissions
accounted for one-half to two-thirds of the NMHC in Ciudad Juarez and El Paso
with the highest contributions occurring during the morning and afternoon
commute periods. Emissions from diesel exhaust contributed approximately 2-3%
of NMHC in Ciudad Juarez and less than 2% in El Paso. The average sum of liquid
gasoline and gasoline vapor increased during the day in Ciudad Juarez from 2%
at 06.00 h to approximately 12% at 16.00 h. Diurnal and day-of-the-week
patterns in the liquid gasoline contributions are essentially identical to the
corresponding patterns for motor vehicle exhaust, which suggest that a large
fraction of the liquid gasoline contribution may be associated with tailpipe
emissions rather than evaporative emissions from motor vehicles or industrial
sources. Including the sum of the two sources put the upper limit for tailpipe
contributions at 60-70% of NMHC.
Funk TH, Chinkin
LR, Roberts PT, Saeger M, Mulligan S, Paramo Figueroa VH, Yarbrough J.
"Compilation and evaluation of a Paso del Norte emission inventory". The
Science of the Total Environment. Vol.10, no. 276(1-3), Aug 2001: pp.
135-51
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Emission inventories of ozone precursors are routinely used as input to
comprehensive photochemical air quality models. Photochemical model performance
and the development of effective control strategies rely on the accuracy and
representativeness of an underlying emission inventory. This paper describes
the tasks undertaken to compile and evaluate an ozone precursor emission inventory
for the El Paso/Ciudad Juarez/Southern Dona Ana region. Point, area and mobile
source emission data were obtained from local government agencies and were
spatially and temporally allocated to a gridded domain using region-specific
demographic and land-cover information. The inventory was then processed using
the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended Emissions Preprocessor
System 2.0 (UAM-EPS 2.0) which generates emissions files compatible with the
Urban Airshed Model (UAM). A top down evaluation of the emission inventory was
performed to examine how well the inventory represented ambient pollutant
compositions. The top-down evaluation methodology employed in this study
compares emission inventory ratios of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC)/nitrogen
oxide (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO)/NOx ratios to corresponding ambient
ratios. Detailed NMHC species comparisons were made in order to investigate the
relative composition of individual hydrocarbon species in the emission
inventory and in the ambient data. The emission inventory compiled during this
effort has since been used to model ozone in the Paso del Norte airshed (Emery
et al., "CAMx modeling of ozone and carbon monoxide in the Paso del Norte
airshed" In: Proc of Ninety-Third Annual Meeting of Air & Waste
Management Association, 18-22 June 2000, Air & Waste Management
Association, Pittsburgh, PA, 2000).
Gabriel, I.E. and
D.T. Patten. "Changes in the inorganic element concentration spectrum of
:mesquite foliage during operational and non-operational periods of a copper
smelter." Water, Air and Soil Pollution, no.78, 1994: pp. 1-11.
ABSTRACT:
Leaves of honey mesquite (Prosopis julifora) were collected along distance and
elevation gradients from an Arizona copper smelter during a year of smelter
operations and during a year of a smelter shut-down. An inorganic leaf element
concentration spectrum for elements Zn, Cu, Fe, Ti, Mn, Al, Mg, Cs, Sm, U, Yb,
As, La, Hf, Sb, Sc, V, In, W, Ba, Br, K, Na and Cl was derived for both
sampling periods. Sources of element origin were identified through factor
analysis and correlation matrices, Elements Cu, As, Sb, W and In, which are
emitted in significant quantities during the smelting process and are good
smelter pollution trace elements, were reduce up to 95% in mesquite leaves
collected after the smelter shut-down. Leaves grown in the smelter vicinity
during smelter operations showed visible leaflet deformation while no leaf
damage was observed on the same trees during the non-operational period. The
seasonal change in mesquite leaf element concentrations could be directly
related to the seasonal change in atmospheric smelter pollution.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin Engineering Library - TD 172 W36
Gabriel, Irene E.
and Patten, D.T. "Distribution of copper smelter emissions in southeastern
Arizona using honey mesquite as a bioindicator." Water, Air and Soil
Pollution, no.72, 1994: pp. 67-87.
ABSTRACT:
Honey Mesquite , a representative species of the Sonoran Desert ecosystem was
studied as a possible bioindicator for industrial smelter pollution. Samples
from soils, leaves, and bark were collected along distance and elevation
gradients from the largest copper smelter in Arizona and analyzed for element
concentrations of An, Cu, Fe, Ti, Mn, Cs, Sm, Ce, U, Th, Yb, As, La, Hf, Sb,
Sc, V, In, W, Ba, Br, K Na, Cl and Au. Depending on the sample type between 5
and 15 elements were identified as smelter emissions. Two Distinct covariate
element groups formed in samples from the study site could be related to the chemistry
of different smelting processes. A common atmospheric transport pattern was
found to exist for the smelter emittants Cu, Sb, and As over long distances.
The identification and specification of smelter emissions in honey mesquite
makes this tree a well-suited bioindicator for industrial smelter pollution.
While study was done in Arizona, the use of this tree for El Paso/Cuidad Juarez
studies of metals in emissions is practical and promising.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin - Engineering Library TD 172 W36
Garcia Vargas,
G.G.; Rubio, Andrade M.; Del Razo, L.M.; Borja, Aburto V; Vera Aguilar, E,
Cebrian, M.E. "Lead exposure in children living in a smelter community in
region Lagunera, Mexico". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental
Health, vol. 62, no.6, Mar 23, 2001: pp. 417-29.
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Industrial growth has created the potential for environmental problems in
Mexico, since attention to environmental controls and urban planning has lagged
behind the pace of industrialization. The aim of this cross-sectional study was
to assess lead exposure in children aged 6-9 yr attending 3 primary schools and
living in the vicinity of the largest smelter complex in Mexico. One of the
schools is located 650 m distant from a smelter complex that includes a lead
smelter (close school); the second is located 1750 m away from the complex and
at the side of a heavy traffic road (intermediate school) in Torreon, Coahuila.
The third school is located in Comez Palacio, Durango, 8100 m away from the
smelter complex and distant from heavy vehicular traffic or industrial areas
(remote school). Lead was measured in air, soil, dust, and well water. Lead in
blood (PbB) was determined in 394 children attending the above mentioned
schools. Determinations were performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Diet,
socioeconomic status, hygienic habits, and other variables were assessed by
questionnaire. Median (range) PbB values were 7.8 microg/dl (3.54-29.61) in the
remote school, 21.8 microg/dl (8.37-52.08) in the intermediate school and 27.6
microg/dl (7.37-58.53) in children attending the close school. The percentage
of children with PbB > 15 microg/dl was 6.80%, 84.9%, and 92.1%
respectively. In this order, the geometric means (range) of Pb concentrations
in air were 2.5 microg/m3 (1.1-7.5), 5.8 microg/m3 (4.3-8.5), and 6.1 microg/m3
(1.6-14.9). The Pb concentrations in dust from playgrounds areas in the
intermediate and close school settings ranged from 1,457 to 4,162.5 mg/kg. Pb
concentrations in drinking water were less than 5 microg/L. Soil and dust
ingestion and inhalation appear to be the main routes of exposure. Our results
indicate that environmental contamination has resulted in an increased body
burden of Pb, suggesting that children living in the vicinity of the smelter
complex are at high risk for adverse effects of lead.
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=aph&bquery=is+00984108&scope=site ]
Garza, Victoriano,
"Environmental risk for the maternal and child health in the United
States-Mexico border." El Paso, Tex.: Pan American Health Organization.
Field Office, 1993. At head of title: Symposium "Foundation for the
Future: the Health of the Family in the United States-Mexico Border"
ABSTRACT:
This is a paper presented at the symposium "Foundation for the Future: The
Health of the Family in the United States-Mexico Border" held in El Paso,
Texas in February 1993. It is a brief discussion of the special health risks
affecting the U.S.-Mexico border area because of the area’s unique migration,
industrial, and commercial patterns. He outlines the history of attempts to
formulate plans for environmental protection on the border. The issues of water
supply, water and air quality, waste management, maquiladoras, chemical
pollution (industrial and agricultural), and colonias are discussed. It
concludes with a short evaluation of health problems posed by environmental
conditions on the border and efforts to address these problems.
Libraries with Item: UTEP Main Stacks RA566.4.M58 G37 1993
Gingerich,
Willard P. (editor). Air quality issues in the El Paso/Cd. Juarez border
region. El Paso: Center for Inter-American Studies, University of Texas at
El Paso, (1981?). Notes: iii; 23 p.; ill.; maps; 28 cm. Occasional papers
(University of Texas at El Paso. Center for Inter-American Studies) ; no. 5;
Bibliography: p. 23.
ABSTRACT:
"Organochloride Pesticide Residue Levels in Human Tissues in Cd. Juarez,
Chihuahua, Mexico." By Adolfo Gonzales-Davila discusses the levels found
in tissue collected from patients undergoing surgery at a local hospital.
Results from past studies from across the globe of DDT and its metabolites were
compared to the Juarez results. The levels and frequency of pesticides found in
Juarez were among the highest levels ever found.
H.G. Applegate's paper on CO discusses sources of gas and levels with
conclusion that at least 17% and up to 34% of the CO is from sources that El
Paso has no jurisdiction over. Analysis of traffic in El Paso and Cuidad Juarez
and CO levels show strong correlation between Juarez traffic peaks and CO level
peaks.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Benson Latin American Collection, TD 883.5 T4
A57
Gonzalez, A. A.,
K. A. Redetzke, and H. G. Applegate. "DDT-type compounds in blood of
persons from Ciudad Juarez, Mexico." Journal of Environmental Health [continues
Sanitarian's Journal of Environmental Health], vol. 47, 1985:pp.189-191.
ISSN 0092-6957
Libraries with Item: TEXAS TECH UNIV, UNIV OF TEXAS AT DALLAS, 51 others. RA
565 A1.
Gonzalez,
Horacio, An aeromycology project comparing indoor and outdoor environments.
Notes: Master's thesis no. 5483, ix, 65 leaves : col. ill. ; 28 cm. Gongalez,
Horacio. An Aeromycology Project Comparing Indoor and Outdoor Environments.
[El Paso, Texas: University of Texas at El Paso], 2001. Notes: Master’s
thesis/University of Texas at El Paso; no. 5483, 2001.
ABSTRACT (from thesis):
The purpose of this study of air quality was to identify the number and types
of fungal genera in different environments comparing indoor to outdoor
environments. This identification is important due to the fact that fungal
spores are ubiquitous and may be allergens or the source of opportunistic
fungal infections.
In this study, we have taken four air samples per week for one year with an RCS
biotest sampler. This sampler contained Rose Bengal Agar strips as the growth
medium. Two samples were taken per day, on in the Biological Sciences Building
(Room 108) and the other outside the Biological Sciences Building. The fungal
colonies from each agar strip were counted and the fungal genera were
identified with a Zeiss Axioship microscope.
The following environmental factors were recorded each day of sampling:
temperature, humidity, and airflow speed.
There were two hypotheses, null and alternate, to be tested in this project.
Null Hypothesis. There will be no significant difference between the fungal
profiles within the Biological Sciences Building (Room 108) and the region
outside the building.
Alternate Hypothesis. There will be a significant difference between the fungal
profiles within the Biological Sciences Building (Room 108) and the region
outside the building.
Our results show the presence of the same fungal genera within Biology 108 and
outside of the Biological Sciences building, i.e. Penicillium, Alternaria,
Aureobasidium, Bipolaria, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Drechslera,
Cephalosporium, Torula, Oidium, Fusariun, and Eurotium. The number of
fungal colonies from the outside air was significantly greater than the number
of fungal colonies within Biology 108. This is consistent with the standards to
consider a building "healthy". The environmental variables tested in
the study were correlated to the presence of the spores. The results indicated
a significant correlation for airflow speed and temperature versus fungal
profiles, but not for humidity. The results of this study can be extended to
other areas of research such as engineering, public health, cultural heritage
preservation, and control of pollution.
Libraries with Item: The University of Texas at El Paso Library, - QH2998 .G669
and special collections Ms Z5055 .U5T48 no. 5483.
Gray, H. A.;
Emery, C. A.; Ligocki, M.P. "Modeling Program for the PM10 State
Implementation Plan Development for the El Paso/Ciudad Juarez Airshed."
San Rafael, California: Systems Applications International, 1991. Report No.
SYASAPP-91/109.
ABSTRACT:
This study was commissioned by EPA Region 6 to review various PM10 models that
could be used in implementing a plan for the El Paso-Cd. Juarez airshed.
Dispersion Models, Receptor Models, and Wind Field Models were evaluated, with
a caveat that the model's output is only as good as the information put into
each model. The lack of reliable emission data from Mexico is noted as a major
problem. The authors did recommend the UAM dispersion model for measuring PM10
in the area.
Gray, Robert,
Jesus Reynoso, Conrado Diaz Q. and Howard Applegate. Vehicular Traffic and
Air Pollution in El Paso-Cd. Juarez, 1989. [El Paso: University of Texas at
El Paso,1989].
ABSTRACT:
This book provides an overview of the pollution concerns in the El Paso-Cd.
Juarez area, the influences of topography and climate, and the role of traffic
on air quality in the region. It includes data on numbers of vehicles, fuel
kinds and sources, vehicle age, and emissions. It then presents information on
the El Paso area state implementation plan and the inspection and maintenance
program. Additionally, the Afterward includes a discussion of the social and
political issues related to the continued air quality problems in the region.
http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Green, Chris, and
Mary Kelly. The Carbon II Dilemma : a Case Study of the Failings of
U.S./Mexico Environmental Management in the Border Region. Austin, Tex:
Texas Center for Policy Studies, 1993.
ABSTRACT:
While the study is not in EP/CJ region, it is an example of the problems faced
in reducing emissions in the border region. The authors cite lack of
cooperation by Mexican officials in attempts by US agencies to reduce levels at
Carbon II as a major problem.
Hamson, Dana V. Reducing
emissions from brick kilns in Ciudad Juarez : three approaches / (prepared
by Dana V. Hamson. San Diego, CA: Southwest Center for Environmental Research
& Policy, 1996. 7 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.; Notes: Border environment research
reports ; no.2 ; Cover title; "June 1996."
ABSTRACT:
A major source of pollution in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez area is the emissions
from several hundred independently-owned brick kilns on the Mexican side of the
border. Three projects sponsored by the Southwest Center for Environmental
Research and Policy currently are working on ways to reduce these emissions and
other SCERP projects have addressed these issues in the past. An essential
requirement for abatement solutions developed by SCERP researchers is that
these must be within reach of the modest financial resources of the kiln
owners. The core objectives of the SCERP projects are co-firing waste fuel with
less polluting gas fuels, using solar dryers to reduce baking times, and
training brickmakers in using less polluting methods of firing bricks and like
products.
Hart, Rebecca
Vera, Beatriz VanDerslice, Jim. US-Mexico Border XXI - Frontera XXI
Implementation Plans Retrospective Study on Pediatric Asthma and Air Quality
Project Purpose:
To assess the relationship between air quality and respiratory health in
children in the Paso del Norte region.
Project Description: In response to concern about the relationship of air
quality and respiratory health in children in the Paso del Norte region a
retrospective epidemiological study using hospital emergency room data has been
designed. Objectives are to: 1) examine the temporal association between
pediatric respiratory illness, measured by daily counts of asthma visits to
emergency rooms, and daily levels of airborne contaminants; 2) explore the
spatial association between residential areas of pediatric patients for
respiratory illnesses and air quality; 3) work with local organizations to
identify and address an environmental health concern on the U.S. Mexico border
in a binational fashion; 4) initiate binational research collaboration on
environmental health issues with health professionals and provide capacity building
opportunities to improve and continue such research. The study area is the Paso
del Norte airshed. The cities located in this airshed are El Paso, Texas, Sun
Land Park, and Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua. Parallel studies were developed in the
U.S. and in Mexico. However, due to the difficulty in accessing daily emergency
room visit data from the hospitals in Mexico, this study concentrated on the
U.S. side. The study population is children who reside in the area and who are
emergency room users at local participating hospitals. The age range was from 1
to 17 years. The study period was June 1, 1994 to December 31, 1995. The
outcome is the count of daily emergency room visits by children for asthma.
Data on all other pediatric emergency room visits was collected and divided
into two comparison groups: other respiratory illnesses and all other
illnesses. The data analysis consisted of two phases. First a descriptive
analysis was conducted to identify short and long term trends in the data. Then
time series modeling was done which incorporated the identified trends.
www.epa.gov/usmexicoborder/
Heisler, Steven
L. Recommendations for the design of aerosol characterization studies in
Houston and El Paso; prepared for Texas Air Control Board. Concord, Mass.:
Environmental Research & Technology, Inc., [1981]. 1 v. in various pagings
: ill. ; 28 cm. Series: (ERT report ; P-A-716-110) Series: ERT report ;
P-A-716-110.
ABSTRACT:
Suspended particulate matter concentrations and composition are a matter of
concern in many communities. This study tried to characterize the nature of the
ambient suspended particulate matter, including spatial, chemical composition,
and particle morphology. Attempts were made to identify and quantify the output
of emission sources. Six sites were chosen in El Paso. The largest sources of
particulate matter are rock handling operations such as quarrying. Other
sources included electric arc furnace operations, asphalt dryers, agricultural
tilling, fuel oil combustion, gasoline-fueled vehicles, and a lead blast
furnace. Researchers felt a lack of sampling sites on the Mexican side of the
border was a handicap.
Libraries with Item: TSLAC 1- A1200.8 R245 1, TNRCC - 363.7392 R242
Heisler, Steven
L. Recommendations for Particulate Matter Sampling Locations for Aerosol
Studies in the Houston-Galveston and El Paso Areas; prepared for Texas Air
Control Board. Westlake Village, California: Environmental Research &
Technology, Inc., January 1981. 1 v. in various pagings : ill. ; 28 cm. Series:
ERT report ; P-A-716-050.1.
ABSTRACT:
The major objectives of these studies were to find specific locations at which
to collect samples. The factors influencing the selection of sites were
determined by objectives of the studies: characterizing the spatial and
temporal nature of the ambient suspended particulate matter, characterizing the
spatial and temporal nature of visibility-related matters, and quantification
of the contributions of PM sources to atmospheric concentrations and
visibility-related parameters. As this was a preliminary study, possible sites
were listed instead of recommending specific sites. The majority of point
sources in El Paso were located in an arc surrounding the major urban and suburban
area. Copper and lead smelting and cement and concrete production occurred just
west of downtown. Refinery operations took place just east of town. Steel
production was on the western side of the Franklin Mountains, northwest of El
Paso. An electric generating station on the north of town and rock handling
sites were the remaining point sources. The study expected to find most vehicle
emissions to be occurring inside the El Paso city limits. Recommended sites
were at these locations and in downtown El Paso.
Herbert,
Jacqueline S. Ambient air levels of particulates, lead, zinc, cadmium, and
arsenic in El Paso, Texas. El Paso, Texas: University of Texas, 1979.
Notes: xiv; 142 l.; ill. ; 28 cm.; Master's thesis no. 1528.
ABSTRACT:
Researchers collected 3,778 samples from four locations and examined them for
contaminants. From 1972-1975 researchers sampled every third or fourth day on a
24-hour basis. From 1975-1979 they sampled for a 24 hour period every sixth
day. Testers used a digestion process and analysis by atomic absorption
spectroscopy. The results showed elevated pollutant levels at sites east of
Paisano Drive (located near the Texas, New Mexico border) in the first and fourth quarter
of each year and elevated levels to the west in the second and third quarters.
Levels of TSP, lead, zinc, cadmium and arsenic are generally consistent despite
increases in population and registered vehicles.
Libraries with Item: UT-El Paso TD883.5.T4H83 f Spec. Coll. Manuscripts
Z5055.U5T48 no.1528 f Current Per. Microfilm MF 317 Roll 143
Herbert,
Jacqueline Shields, "Heuristic statistical models for carbon monoxide in
El Paso, Texas." El Paso, Texas: University of Texas at El Paso, 1983.
Notes: Air pollution by carbon monoxide, heuristic model of, development of, for
El Paso, Texas, Process simulation, physicochemical of carbon monoxide air
pollution, heuristic, in El Paso, Available from Univ. Microfilms Int., Order
No. DA8225505
Hernandez-Cadena
L, Tellez-Rojo MM, Sanin-Aguirre LH, Lacasana-Navarro M, Campos A, Romieu I.
[Relationship between emergency consultations for respiratory diseases and air pollution in Juarez
City, Chihuahua] Salud publica de Mexico 2000 Jul-Aug;42(4):288-97
[Article in Spanish]
Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud
Publica, Morelos, Mexico. lhcadena@insp3.insp.mx
OBJECTIVE [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
To assess the relationship of < or = 10 microns particles (PM10) and
atmospheric ozone concentrations, with the daily number of emergency visits due
to asthma and acute respiratory diseases, among children aged under 15, living
in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1998 and
1999, an ecological study was conducted. Atmospheric data were obtained from
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), from eight monitoring stations
located in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, and EI Paso, Texas. From July 1997 to
December 1998, data from emergency room visits for respiratory illness were
abstracted from existing medical records of two Mexican Institute of Social
Security (IMSS) hospitals in Ciudad Juarez. Diagnoses were classified into two
groups: a) asthma, and b) upper respiratory infections (URI), according to the
International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 and/or IDC-10). Statistical
analysis was carried out using the Poisson regression time series method.
RESULTS: During the study period, the mean 24-hour PM10 level was 34.46
micrograms/m3 (SD = 17.99) and the mean ozone level was 51.60 ppb (SD = 20.70).
The model shows that an increase of 20 micrograms/m3 in the mean 24-hour
exposure to PM10 was related to an increase of 4.97% (95% CI 0.97-9.13) in
emergency visits for asthma, with a 5-day lag, as well as to an increase of 9%
(95% CI 1.8-16.8) when a cumulative 5-day exposure was considered. URI
increased 2.95% as a cause of emergency room visits, for each 20 micrograms/m3
increase in the mean 24-hour exposure to PM10. The impact of PM10 on emergency
visits for asthma was greater on days with ozone ambient levels exceeded 49 ppb
(median value). CONCLUSIONS: A positive association was found between
environmental PM10 and ozone concentrations and the daily number of emergency
room visits due to asthma and acute respiratory diseases, even with levels lower
than the Mexican standard levels. Also, a synergic effect between PM10 and O3
was found.
Herzog, Lawrence
A. Shared space: rethinking the U.S.-Mexico border environment. La
Jolla, Calif.: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego,
2000. Notes: viii; 367 p;, ill. ; 23 cm. Series: U.S.-Mexico contemporary
perspectives series, no.16.
Table of contents:
The shared borderlands / Lawrence A. Herzog -- Global capitalism and
sustainable development: exploring the contradictions / Leslie Sklair -- From
pollution prevention to industrial ecology: an agenda for research and practice
/ Keith Pezzoli -- The NAFTA environmental institutions and sustainable
development on the U.S.-Mexico border / Mark J. Spalding -- Sustainable
development and environmental decentralization on the border: insights from
Sonora / Stephen P. Mumme -- The political ecology of environmental learning in
Ciudad Juárez and El Paso county / Sarah Hill --Transboundary networks for
environmental management in the San Diego-Tijuana border region / Francisco
Lara -- Tourism development and the politics of the northern Baja California
landscape / Lawrence A. Herzog -- Land use and the conservation of natural
resources in the Tijuana river basin / Lina Ojeda Revah -- Place and water
quality politics in the Tijuana-San Diego region / Suzanne M. Michel -- Water
use and sanitation practices in peri-urban areas of Tijuana: a demand-side
perspective / O. Alberto Pombo -- Regulating the border environment: toxics,
maquiladoras, and the public right to know / Donovan Corliss -- Structural
determinants of sustainability in the maquiladora industry on Mexico's northern
border / Carlos Montalvo Corral -- Transmigrants, the NAFTA, and a proposal to
protect air quality on the border / Tito Alegría. ABSTRACT: While Mexico and
the US have similar standards for air quality, there is no enforcement option
in Mexico to force an area to come into compliance. Cuidad Juarez was cited for
having one of the best records in Mexico for complying with AQ standards. While
air flows change so that no generalizations can be made on whose emissions are
polluting whose air, it is safe to say that both sides of the El Paso-Cuidad
Juarez border share the same pollution problems. In addition to industrial and vehicular
sources, dust and sand are important contributors to PM10 in border area. The
author recommends using the transfer of US income taxes of transmigrants to
Mexico for measures to reduce sources of PM10 in Mexico, such as paving
streets.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Benson Latin American Collection - HC 110 E5
S474 2000
Hornedo, Manuel
D. and Tillman, J. Harold. Air Pollution in the El Paso, Texas Area El
Paso City-County Health Unit ; Manual D. Hornedo. [El Paso, Tex.?]: El Paso
City-County Health Unit, 1959. Notes: 97 p.; ill.; 28 cm.; includes
bibliographic references.
This report is based on a
two-year study performed under a community air pollution demonstration project
grant provided by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare United
States Public Health Service in 1957, 1958, and 1959.
SCOPE (from report):
The primary purpose of this study was to obtain basic scientific air pollution
data concerning the type, extent, source, and effect of the waste from industry
and other air pollution in the El Paso area. Another purpose was to determine
the need and nature of a permanent air pollution control program. The scope of
the program was limited by two factors: the gathering of those samples which
were within our means to analyze and the collection of pollutants commonly
found in any city. A limited budget precluded the purchase of most of the
automatic sampling machines or of expensive laboratory equipment..
Libraries with Item: The University of Texas at El Paso Library, TD883.5 .T4E4.
Human lead
absorption -- Texas. Morbidity and mortality weekly report : MMWR Sep 19,
1997;vol. 46,no. 37:pp. 871-7.
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
In December 1971, the City-County Health Department in El Paso, Texas,
discovered that an ore smelter in El Paso was discharging large quantities of
lead and other metallic wastes into the air. Between 1969 and 1971, this
smelter had released 1,116 tons of lead, 560 tons of zinc, 12 tons of cadmium,
and 1.2 tons of arsenic into the atmosphere through its stacks. It may be
estimated from this prevalence survey, using 1970 U.S. Census data, that at
least 2,700 persons 1-19 years of age in El Paso had blood lead levels greater
than or equal to 40 uG% at the time of the survey . These results indicate that
the problem of undue lead absorption affects persons across all of south and
west El Paso to a distance of at least 4 miles from the smelter. Lead emitted
by the smelter and deposited in soil and dust would appear to be the major
source of the lead absorbed by humans; the accumulation in the soil and dust of
emitted lead is facilitated by several features of the local environment,
particularly the aridity, the sheltering effect of the high mountains, and the
frequent thermal inversions. Ingestion of lead-based paint may account for a
small fraction of cases of undue absorption (at most 1/3) in the youngest
children. Careful neurologic and psychologic studies of persons in El Paso with
blood lead levels greater than or equal to 40 uG% have been conducted and are
being compared with results of similar studies in a matched group with lower
lead levels. This story will make it possible to ascertain objectively whether
any persons are suffering subtle but possibly permanent neurologic or
psychologic sequelae from prolonged lead absorption. Perhaps the most telling
indication of how the scientific view of lead exposure has changed since 1971
is that, in 1971 "undue lead absorption" referred only to BLLs
greater than or equal to 40 ug/dL. Numerous subsequent studies documented that
BLLs much lower than 40 ug/dL, then considered acceptable, adversely impact the
health of children without causing overt symptoms. For example, investigators
from CDC's Bureau of Epidemiology, again led by Dr. Landrigan, found an inverse
relation between BLLs and nerve conduction velocities among children exposed to
emissions from a smelter near Kellogg, Idaho. As the decade closed, Dr. Herbert
Needleman's landmark study was published, demonstrating lower cognitive test
scores and higher teachers' ratings of behavioral problems among children with
higher tooth lead levels but no history of clinically overt lead poisoning.
Jeffery, John and
Sanger, Mark. Emissions and prevention/control techniques for automobile
body shops in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. (Springfield, Va. :National Technical
Information Service, distributor, 1999).notes: vii; 17; 6; 21 p.; ill.; 28 cm.;
http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS3879; "Science Applications
International Corporation."; " August 1999."; Shipping list no.:
2000-0188-M.; "EPA-456/R-99-006."; Includes bibliographical
references (p. 15); http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/dir2/autobdye.pdf ;DOCS
EP4.2:AU8/2.
ABSTRACT:
Researchers compiled a database of potential emissions from sites in Ciudad
Juarez to develop regional options for reducing VOC emissions in the area and
the border area in general. A survey of approximately 156 shops was completed.
Results showed that a lack of chemical records at shops prevents developing the
database for Cuidad Juarez. Recommendations included standard reporting be
implemented, owner/operator education, upgrading to less polluting equipment
with buy-back programs, and getting Mexico to make low VOC paints and solvents
more accessible in the border area. Based on U.S. efforts in the 1980's the
authors estimate that 20-40% reductions in these emissions could be achieved in
Mexico A problem is conversion costs far exceed the financial resources for
most of the owners of body shops. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/dir1/autobdys.pdf
Jeffery, John and
Sanger, Mark. Emisiones y prevencion/tecnicas de control para talleres de
carroceria en Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. (Springfield, Va. :National Technical
Information Service, distributor, 1999).notes: vii; 17; 6; 21 p.; ill.; 28 cm.;
http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS3943 ; "Science Applications
International Corporation."; "Agosto 1999."; Shipping list no.:
2000-0249-M.; "EPA-456/R-99-005."; Includes bibliographical
references (p. 17) http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/dir2/autobdys.pdf
Jeon SJ,
Meuzelaar HL, Sheya SA, Lighty JS, Jarman WM, Kasteler C, Sarofim AF, Simoneit
BR," Exploratory studies of PM10 receptor and source profiling by GC/MS
and principal component analysis of temporally and spatially resolved ambient
samples." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,
vol. 51, no.5, May, 2001: pp.766-84
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
For a recent exploratory study of particulate matter (PM) compositions,
origins, and impacts in the El Paso/Juarez (Paso del Norte) airshed, the
authors relied on solvent extraction (SX)-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS) procedures to characterize 24-hr quartz fiber (QF) filter samples
obtained from nine spatially distributed high-volume (Hi-Vol) PM10 samplers as
well as on thermal desorption (TD)-GC/MS methods to characterize 45
time-resolved (2-hr) filter samples obtained with modified 1-m3/hr PM10
samplers. Principal component analysis and related chemometric techniques were
used for data reduction and data fusion as well as for multiway data correlation.
A high degree of correspondence (R2 = 0.821) was found between the rapid
TD-GC/MS method (which can be carried out on 2-hr filter slices containing only
microgram amounts of sample) and conventional SX-GC/MS procedures. The four
main source patterns of organic PM components observed in GC/MS profiles of
both temporally and spatially resolved receptor samples obtained in the El
Paso/Juarez border airshed during the study period are interpreted to represent
(1) vehicular emissions plus resuspended urban dust; (2) biomass combustion;
(3) native vegetation detritus and resuspended agricultural dust; and (4) waste
burning. Moreover, principal component analysis of combined, variance-weighted,
temporally resolved TD-GC/MS data and spatially resolved SX-GC/MS data was used
to determine approximate source locations for specific PM components identified
in time-resolved receptor sample profiles. The same approach can be used to
determine approximate circadian concentration profiles of specific PM
components identified in spatially resolved receptor sample profiles. SCERP
project A 6 "Control of Pollutant Emission from Waste Burning."
Johnson, A.T;
Soto, J.; Ward, J.B. "Successful Modernization of an Ancient Industry: the
Brickmakers of Cd. Juarez, Mexico." Presented at New Mexico Conference on
the Environment, April 25, 1994. Sante Fe, New Mexico: New Mexico Environmental
Department.
ABSRACT:
The El Paso Natural Gas Company and the Mexican Federation of Private Health
and Community Development Associations commissioned a study of the brickmaking
industry in Juarez. Due to pressure from SEDESOL the brickmakers were facing
economic problems; traditional fuels used in brick kilns were scavenged from
various sources and included contaminated sawdust, used motor oil, and rubber
tires. These fuels made the brickmaking sites the fourth largest source of
emissions in Juarez. As there are around 400 brickmaking operations employing
approximately 2,500 citizens, measures were needed to allow economic operations
while reducing emissions. The study resulted in new guidelines for the
industry, testing of emissions from traditional fuels used in firing kilns
(contaminated sawdust being the worst polluter followed by used motor oil),
analysis of cleaner burning fuels such as propane in kiln firing operations,
and development of improved Kiln designs which allowed for improvements in the
production and quality of bricks.
http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Kammila, Indira. Dynamics
of Air Quality in El Paso, Texas. [El Paso]: University of Texas at El
Paso, 1996. Notes: xiii; 14 leaves; ill. (some col.); maps ; 28 cm.; Master's
thesis no. 4869.
ABSTRACT (from thesis):
El Paso, Texas has been in noncompliance with the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for Carbon monoxide, Ozone, and PM-10. This study has identified some
existing relationships between the ambient concentrations of Carbon monoxide,
Ozone, and PM-10, and the meteorological and time variables, namely, Wind
Speed, Wind Direction, Temperature, Time of day, Time of week, and Time of
year.
The measurements of the above variables for the two years 1992 and 1993 at
Downtown (CAMS 06), East (CAMS 30), and UTEP (CAMS 12) sites in El Paso, were
obtained from the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC). The
PM-10 data consisted of daily average measurements; all other variables had
hourly average observations.
Multiple Linear Regression with quantitative and binary dummy variables, to account
for the behavioral differences among different subpopulations of the sample,
was employed to obtain predictive models for each of the pollutants at all
three stations, with respect to the meteorological and time variables.
The models demonstrated variability from site to side; however, common
associations did exist. High CO levels were associated with "Low Wind
Speeds," "Winter," and "Traffic Peak Hours." High
Ozone levels were associated with "Peak Radiation Time,"
"Daytime," "High Temperature," and "Summer." High
PM-10 levels were associated with "Fall," "Low Wind Days,"
and "Low Temperature Days."
Libraries with Item: UT- El Paso Library, special collections Ms Z5055 .U5T48
no. 4869.
Karp, Dick;
Yarbrough, Jim; Yocke, Mark; Emery, Chris and Evans, Randy, US EPA Region 6.
"Evaluations of Air Quality from Trans-boundary Transport in the El
Paso-Juarez Airshed."
ABSTRACT:
The U.S. and Mexico signed Annex V to the 1983 La Paz Agreement in 1989 and
agreed to jointly monitor, gather emissions information, and model the airshed
to determine which control strategies would most efficiently improve air
quality. A U.S.-Mexico Binational Air Workgroup (formed in 1984) has sponsored
several major field studies since 1989 to better understand the physical causes
of the pollution (studied vehicles and traffic patterns in Juarez, gathered
ambient and meteorological data, estimated Juarez industrial and area
source emissions) and has sponsored the development of the first
quality-assured air monitoring network in a Mexican border city (5 stations in
Juarez; first stations on-line 1990). These bilateral data collection efforts
are continuing. In addition, as a part of the Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Ozone
(O3) State Implementation Plans (SIPs), the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and the Texas Air Control Board (the predecessor to the current
Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC)) agreed to 1999 as
the target date for completion of data collection and air modeling activities
that could be used to develop a basin-wide and international control strategies
to improve and maintain air quality. This agreement was intended to fulfill the
pertinent provision in Annex V of the La Paz Agreement.
El Paso County, Texas still fails to meet the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) for carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM-10), and
ozone (O3). The adjoining area of Sunland Park, New Mexico currently exceeds
the NAAQS for O3 and PM-10, and Juarez air quality exceeds Mexican ambient
standards (which are similar to those of the U.S.) for O3 and CO. In addition,
very high levels of PM-10 have recently been sampled in Juarez, and the Mexican
ambient standard for total suspended particulates (TSP) is likely violated
there as well. Thus, in 1998, a consortium consisting of representatives from
EPA, Mexico’s Instituto Nacional de Ecologia (INE), the states of Texas, New
Mexico, Chihuahua, and the cities of El Paso and Juarez embarked on a
basin-wide air quality modeling project addressing CO and O3. This modeling
project used the most recent and available area-wide ambient, meteorological,
and emissions data in order to complete the EPA/TNRCC agreement as well as the
Annex V requirements. The consortium procured the services of Sonoma
Technology, Inc. (STI), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), ENSCO, and
ENSCO’s sub-contractor ENVIRON to conduct the technical aspects of the modeling
project.
This paper presents a summary of the modeling project, including the
development of the various inputs (e.g., meteorology and emissions), the
reproducibility of the model, and preliminary results of hypothetical control
scenarios. In conjunction with the Contractors, the consortium selected
base-case, multi-day (i.e. 1-3 days) high O3 & CO episodes from among the last
several years in which sufficient meteorological, emissions, and ambient air
quality data were available. The 1996 and 1997 Paso del Norte Summer O3
Study provided the requisite ambient air quality, meteorological, and
emissions data bases and the base case O3 episode (August 11-13, 1996) was
selected from this period. The selected base case CO episode was December
18-19, 1997. The base case emissions for these episodes were primarily
developed by STI using the Emissions Processing System, version 2.0 (EPS2.0).
The meteorological parameters were developed by LANL and ENSCO using the
Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), and the Comprehensive Air Quality
Model with Extensions (CAMx) was used for the air quality modeling by ENVIRON.
The hypothetical control scenarios involved executing CAMx with various
reductions in CO, VOC and/or NOx for stationary and/or mobile emission source
categories.
Kemp, M. El
Paso/Juarez Saturation PM-10 Study: December 8, 1989-December 18, 1989. [El
Paso, Texas: EPA, 1989]
ABSTRAC:
This study was designed "to test a saturation PM-10 monitor, to
characterize PM-10 concentrations in previously unmonitored areas of El Paso,
to determine the adequacy of the current PM-10 network, and to establish a
foundation for future joint U.S./Mexico studies." The researchers
concluded that the saturation monitor is an excellent screening tool for
characterizing PM-10 concentrations, but will not likely be designated as a
reference monitor. Results from the monitors show high PM-10 levels from the
unmonitored areas in El Paso and Cd. Juarez, especially near La Hacienda
restaurant which is only 200 feet from the border. Researchers recommended
installing a reference monitor to ensure attaining the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard. Researchers also concluded that cooperative efforts such as this one
are valuable as educational tools.
http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Kennedy, C. J.
"Innovations in Binational Management of the Border Environment: The Case
of Air Quality in El Paso del Norte." In Proceedings, Air Pollution
Control Association annual meeting, no.7 , Conf 87, (1994): 94-TA195.03P. OCLC No: 5293760.
Ketter, Ronald
George, Ford Foundation. Paso del Norte Air Quality Task Force : case study."
[El Paso, TX? : The Task Force?], 1998. Notes: 31, [1] p. : p., ill., some col.
;, 28 cm. Air quality --
Mexican-American Border quality -- Texas -- El Paso Region. Air quality --
Mexico -- Ciudad Juárez Region Air quality -- International cooperation. Report
prepared by Ronald G. Ketter for the Paso del Norte Air Quality Task Force
under a grant from The Ford Foundation"--P. [32]./ "March 1998."
Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering" Call no. TD883.7.M6 ,
OCLC: 42664032
Libraries with Item: SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV
Kiy, Richard,
Wirth, John D. Environmental management on North America's borders.
College Station, Tex.:; Texas A & M University Press, 1998. xvi, 306 p. :
ill., maps ; 25 cm. Series: Environmental history series; no. 14.
RELEVANT ABSTRACTS:
"Managing air quality in the Paso del Norte region." Emerson, Peter;
Angulo, Carlos F.; Shaver, Christine L.; Rincon, Carlos A. An excellent
overview article on the subject. The authors look at the regional air problem
from multidisciplinary viewpoints, discuss current efforts to regulate air
quality the US-Mexico border, suggest a Joint Advisory Committee as a means to
improve regional air quality. The authors suggest using NAFTA regulations to
expand on the work done by the Paso del Norte Air Quality Task Force. Among the
projects suggested were conversion of brick makers' kilns to natural gas,
workshops for business using paints and solvents, using waste products to pave
roads, and reducing crossing times on the International Bridges.
"Crossborder environmental management and the informal sector : Ciudad
Juárez brickmakers' project." By Blackman, Allen and Bannister, Geoffery
A. Summarizes the efforts in 1995 to switch to less polluting fuels for their
kilns, the problems encountered with propane and costs. The struggle of FEMAPS
for funding to carry out conversions is seen as the major obstacle to the
projects successful conclusion. Private sector grass root efforts need
government and business support, and that even the best planning and actions
are subject to volatile economic conditions.
"Carbón I/II : an unresolved binational challenge." Kelly, Mary.
Author sees the situation regarding the power plants as a stark illustration of
the weakness of binational cooperations. Public awareness and public pressures
are seen as critical factors in moving ENGOs from studies to actions. Where the
money to fund solutions will come from is seen a major problem.
"The maquiladoras and the environment." Pizzorusso, Ann. The author
praises Phillips Electronics for their efforts to implement the ISO 14000
standard on measurement of environmental programs. The problem is that
environmentally responsible companies like Phillips have had little impact on
other business. -- Milagro beanfield war revisited : low-level hazardous waste
sites in Del Rio, Dryden, and Spofford, Texas -- The handling of hazardous
industrial waste on the U.S.-Mexico border : a case study of Titisa.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin PCL Stacks, Benson - GE 320 N7 E58 1998
Kooshian,
Charles; Gray, Robert P.E.; Gonzalez-Ayala, Salvador. Paso del Norte
Environmental Monitor/ Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
Objectives/Hypothesis:
This project is developing an Internet web site and associated community
linkages to provide relevant-time air quality and local traffic and transit
information, in English and Spanish, to the international communities of El
Paso, Texas, Sunland Park, New Mexico and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.
The objectives of the project are to: 1. promote coordination among the many
agencies, institutions, organizations and broadcasters within the Paso Del
Norte region that are working to improve air quality; 2. develop standards for
sharing and displaying information to ensure it is understandable by the
general public and decision-makers of the region; 3. establish a communications
infrastructure that provides relevant-time exchange of and access to
information; 4. develop and implement public outreach programs to improve local
understanding of individual actions that can be taken to improve the quality of
the environment; 5. broaden the choices of travel mode; 6. promote education of
the future generations by developing opportunities for elementary and high
school students to conduct research and become involved in activities that
improve our environment; and 7. ensure transferability of final products to
other regions and applications.
Approach:
Continuous air monitors throughout the international region currently measure ambient
air concentrations of ozone, carbon monoxide and particulates. Relevant-time
access to this information will be provided along with updates on local
weather, current traffic conditions and international bridge crossing delays.
3D time-lapse visualization of critical air pollutant levels will be made
available to the public through the Internet and broadcast media. Other media,
such as phone hotlines or roadside signs will also be incorporated. A similar
effort will be devoted to assembling traffic volumes and delays from existing
detectors, which also will be processed and displayed in map form to depict
current conditions. The relationship between vehicle travel and pollution will
be shown along with suggestions for individual actions that can reduce mobile
source pollution. The project would facilitate transit use by providing quick,
easy-to-understand route planning assistance.
http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Landrigan PJ,
Gehlbach SH, Rosenblum BF, Shoults JM, Candelaria RM, Barthel WF, Liddle JA,
Smrek AL, Staehling NW, Sanders JF. "Epidemic lead absorption near an ore
smelter. The role of particulate lead." New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 292, no. 3, Jan 16 1975: pp. 123-9.
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Blood lead levels were determined on a random sample of persons in all age
groups living near a lead-emitting smelter in El Paso, Texas. A blood lead
level of greater than or equal to 40 mug per 100 ml, which was considered
indicative of undue lead absorption, was found in 53 per cent of the children
one to nine years old living within 1.6 km of the smelter and in 18 per cent of
those from 1.6 to 6.6 km; beyond that distance in older persons levels were
lower. Children in the first 1.6 km with blood levels of greater than or equal
to mug per 100 ml were exposed to 3.1 times as much lead in dust as children
there with lower blood values (6447 vs 2067 ppm). There was also airborne lead
exposure (8 to 10 mug per cubic meter, annual mean). Paint, water, food, and
pottery were less important as sources. The data suggest that particulate lead
in dust and air accounted for most of the lead absorption in El Paso children.
The smelter was the principal source of this lead, especially within 1.6km of
itself.
Lee, S. M.,
Anderson, J. and Fernando, H. J. S. "The Numerical Simulation of
Synoptically Influenced Local Wind Circulation in El Paso Airshed." 2000
SCERP (The Southwest Center for Environmental Research and Policy) Technical
conference, Oct. 11-13, 2000, Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico
http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Leger,
Christopher, B.; Cook, Charles A.; Cundy, Vic A.; Sterling, Arthur M.;
Montestruc, Alfred N.; Jakway, Allen L.; Owens, Warren D. " Field-scale
rotary kiln incineration of batch loaded toluene/sorbent: mass balances,
evolution rates, and bed motion comparisons." Journal of Hazardous
Materials, vol. 34, 1993: pp. 31-50.
ABSTRACT:
A field-scale rotary kiln incinerator is used to obtain data on the processing
of toluence contaminated sorbent contained in plastic packs. The solids bed in
the kiln exhibited slipping motion during these experiments. Evolution rates
for toluene are determined from experimental data, and cumulative evolution
curves are generated. The data suggest that stack oxygen concentrations and
stack flow rates may be the preferred data for these purposes because they are
monitored in existing rotary kiln incinerator facilities.
Lester, T.W.,
V.A. Cundy, A.M. Sterling, A.M. Montestruc, A.J. Jakway, C. Leger, D.W.
Pershing, J.S. Lighty, G.D. Silcox, and W.D. Owens. "Rotary Kiln
Incineration: Comparison of Field and Pilot Scale Measurements of Contaminant
Evolution Rates from Sorbent Beds. Environmental Science & Technology,
no. 25, 1991: p. 1142. SCERP project A 6 "Control of Pollutant Emission
from Waste Burning."
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Engineering Library - TD 180 E5 V.25
NO.7-12,NO.1-6 1991
Li WW, Orquiz R,
Garcia JH, Espino TT, Pingitore NE, Gardea-Torresdey J, Chow J, Watson JG.,
"Analysis of temporal and spatial dichotomous PM air samples in the El
Paso-Cd. Juarez air quality basin." Journal of the Air & Waste
Management Association. Nov 2001; vol. 51, no. 11:pp. 1551-60.
ABSTRACT:
This paper presents and discusses the results obtained from the gravimetric and
chemical analyses of the 24-hr average dichotomous samples collected from five
sites in the El Paso-Cd. Juarez air quality basin between August 1999 and March
2000. Gravimetric analysis was performed to determine the temporal and spatial
variations of PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 microm in diameter) and
PM25-10 (particulate matter less than 10 pm but greater than 2.5 microm in
diameter) mass concentrations. The results indicate that approximately 25% of
the PM10 (i.e., PM25 + PM25-10) concentration is composed of PM2.5. Concurrent
measurements of hourly PM concentrations and wind speed showed strong diurnal
patterns of the regional PM pollution. Results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
elemental analyses were compared to similar but limited studies performed by
the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) in 1990 and 1997.
Major elements from geologic sources-Al, Si, Ca, Na, K, Fe, and Ti-accounted
for 35% of the total mass concentrations in the PM2.5-10 fraction, indicating
that geologic sources in the area are the dominant PM sources. Levels of toxic
trace elements, mainly considered as products of anthropogenic activities, have
decreased significantly from those observed in 1990 and 1997.
PMID: 11720102 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Lighty, J.
"Reduction of Emissions from Domestic Heating Units using Low-Cost
Alternatives." SCERP Project Number: AQ PP96I-8
Objectives:
Much of the air pollution in the border region results from combustion
processes which utilize low quality fuels and wastes. This study evaluates the
reduction of emissions from domestic heating units using low-cost alternatives
and redesigning domestic heating units. Simple combustion modifications were
tested: increasing the temperature in the combustion zone; avoiding premature
quenching; and enhancing fuel/air mixing. http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Lighty, J. S. and
Pershing, D. W. "Control of Pollutant Emissions from Waste Burning."
Salt Lake City, Utah: The University of Utah, Department of Chemical
Engineering, 1993.
ABSTACT:
This SCERP study done in conjunction with the Technical Institute of Juarez
measured CO, THC, CO2, NO, particulate matter and volatile hydrocarbons
emissions from US and Mexico made wood pallets and scrap particle board covered
with plastic laminates. The study found that particle board produce
significantly higher levels of CO and NO than the pallets. Four major compounds
were found in the particle board emissions, furan, benzene, toluene, and
furaldehyde. While analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons was not carried out,
the levels of chlorine in particle board would produce such compounds. The
Mexico pallets produced lower levels of CO, NO, and THC than the US pallets or
APA-42 Residential Wood (data from a 1985 EPA study). http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Los Alamos
National Laboratory. El Paso/Ciudad Juarez Air Quality Program
ABSTRACT:
The El Paso/Ciudad Juarez Project has the goal of understanding the circulation
patterns in the Paso del Norte Region in the context of studying ozone
production and transport. The LANL team consists of experimentalists and
modelers from both D-4 and EES-8 (Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Group). The
EES-8 lidar team has measured 3-d aerosol distributions in the region and are currently
working on a novel method for obtaining high resolution 3-D wind fields.
Meteorological modelers from both groups are using the mesoscale models HOTMAC
and RAMS to simulate the circulation patterns that develop in the complex
terrain surrounding the El Paso/Ciudad Juarez communities. An intensive field
campaign was conducted in the summer of 1996 in conjunction with the US
Environmental Protection Agency Region VI, Sonoma Technology, the Texas Natural
Resource Conservation Commission and others.
http://www.lanl.gov/orgs/d/d4/aquality/elpaso.html
Lowry, J., H.
Miller and G. Hepner, "A GIS-based Sensitivity Analysis of Community
Vulnerability to Hazardous Contaminants on the Mexico/U.S. Border,"
submitted to Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Engineering Library - TA 593 A2 P5
Macias, Lorena
Gonzalez. Measurement
and Characterization of Indoor and Outdoor Volatile Organic Pollutants
Concentrations for Paso Del Norte Residences. Master’s thesis/University of
ABSTRACT [from thesis]: The purpose of this study was to measure and characterize indoor and outdoor concentrations of volatile organic compounds, VOCs, in Paso del Norte residences.
A field study was
performed to measure indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations in Paso del Norte residences during the weekend of
The locations of the sampled residences were identified in a Geographic Information System (GIS) map. The GIS map for the Mexican side included locations of potential sources that may contribute to the VOC concentrations around the sampled houses. The potential sources included maquiles, gasoline stations, dry cleaners, and major traffic streets.
Two questionnaires were developed for collecting information on the sampled houses and activities occurred during the sampling period. One questionnaire was applied before the sampling and the other after. The first questionnaire contains general information about the house and its residents and the second questionnaire provides information of activities that occurred during the sampling period.
The 3M3520 passive
organic vapor monitors (3520 OVM, 3M Co.,
The Gas
Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) was used to analyze the
samples. A total of thirty-four
compounds were analyzed giving a total (including blanks) of 2584
analyses. A database containing the raw
data and processed results was created.
Statistical parameters of the VOC data were calculated assuming both,
the normal and logarithmic distributions.
Analysis of the results was performed with conventional statistical
methods. In both cities, the outdoor
concentrations exceed the indoor concentrations except for certain
compounds: alpha-pinene, D-limonene and
beta-pinene. For these compounds indoor
concentrations exceeded outdoor concentrations except in one residence at Cd.
Juarez (1/5) for the three compounds and another residence at
The observed VOC
concentrations were compared to other published data of the same kind made at
different places in
The student
t-test was applied to indoor data. There
was insufficient evidence to reject the hypothesis that the arithmetic means of
Cd. Juarez and the arithmetic means of
There is
exception for the following compounds where the arithmetic mean of Cd. Juarez
is greater than the arithmetic mean of
Cd. Juarez residences located near the international bridges, downtown, and maquilas presented the highest outdoor and indoor concentrations for benzene, o-xylene, styrene, toluene and trichloroethylene.
The results of the current study was compared to the TNRCC outdoor VOCs database and to TNRCC’s effects screening levels (ESLs). The outdoor VOC concentrations observed in June 2001 exceed the outdoor average VOC concentrations for 1995 through 1999 reported by TNRCC. The outdoor VOC concentrations observed in this study are less than the 1-hr., 24-hour and annual ESL values, except for benzene that is higher than the annual ESL indicating, however, no immediate threat to the public health.
Indoor VOCs concentrations were compared to that reported by the TDH. The TDH database contains 1-hr. average concentrations of thirty-seven VOCs. The indoor TDH concentrations of benzene, o-xylene, styrene, toluene and trichloroethylene are about 10-fold lower compared to the indoor concentrations measured in this study.
The information obtained from this study is expected to be used to promote participation and public awareness to improve the air quality in this region.
MACKAY,
W.P.; MENA, R.; PINGITORE, N. E. JR.; REDETZKE, K.; FREEMAN, C.E.; NEWMAN, H.;
GARDEA, J.; NAVARRO, H.Seasonal changes
in concentration and distribution of heavy metals in creosotebush, Larrea
tridentata (Zgyophyllaceae), tissues in the El Paso, TX Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
area." SIDA CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY, vol.18, no.1, 1998:
pp.287-296.
ABSTRACT BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS.:
We compared seasonal changes in concentrations of four elements, arsenic,
cadmium, copper and lead, in samples of various tissues of creosotebush
collected in the El Paso, USA/Ciudad Juarez, Mexico region during 1980-81 and
1994-95. Levels in leaf tissue changed seasonally, with concentrations dropping
in the spring and late fall, corresponding co the time of leaf drop in the
plant. This suggests that most of the heavy metals were simply deposited on the
surface of leaves, although data are presented which indicate that internal
tissues also have significant levels of heavy metals. These seasonal cycles
were less pronounced in the most recent samples. Levels of all four elements in
cresotebush were significantly high in the region, as compared to a distant
control area. Concentrations of most elements dropped below detection limits
within 12 to 30 km from areas of highest concentration. Densities of native
Chihuahuan Desert flora and lichens are low in the area.
MacDonald,
Clinton P.; Roberts, Paul T.; Main, Hilary H.; Dye, Timothy S.; Coe, Dana L.;
Yarbrough, James. "The 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study: analysis of
meteorological and air quality data that influence local ozone
concentrations." The Science of The Total Environment, vol. 276,
no.1-3, Aug. 10, 2001: pp.93-109
ABSTRACT:
The 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study and subsequent data analyses were
implemented to develop an understanding of the chemical and physical processes
which lead to high concentrations of ozone in the Paso del Norte study area
which includes El Paso County, Texas, Sunland Park, New Mexico, and Ciudad
Juarez, Mexico. Both the data and data analysis results are being used to
support photochemical grid modeling. El Paso County and Sunland Park fail to
meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone, and
neighboring Ciudad Juarez fails to meet the Mexican ambient standard for ozone.
This paper summarizes the measurement campaigns of the 1996 Paso del Norte
Ozone Study and the findings and conclusions that arose from subsequent data
analyses. Data analyses showed that high ozone concentrations resulted from a
combination of conditions, including high surface temperatures, strong sunlight
with few clouds, light surface winds and high concentrations of ozone
precursors at ground level in the morning, and slow convective boundary layer
(CBL) growth. Synoptic-scale meteorological conditions observed during high
ozone episodes included an aloft high-pressure system and aloft warming. Aloft
carryover of ozone and ozone precursors did not significantly contribute to
high concentrations of ozone at the surface.
PMID: 11516142 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Macdonald, E.J.;
Lichtenstein, H.; Nooner, D.;Flory D.; Wikstrom, S.; Oro,
J."Epidemiological factors in lung cancer among women in El Paso
County,Texas 1944-1969." Journal of the American Medical Women's
Association, vol. 28, no. 9, 1973: pp. 459-467.
ABSTRACT:
PESTAB DDT was present at levels of 5. 8 and 0. 4 ppm in 2 out of 4 samples of
soot material, concomitantly analyzed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
The positive samples were scraped from the wall of one adobe house and the
floor of another in which lung cancer patients lived. Unidentified polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons were found in all samples from both houses. Residence
from time of birth to adult life in an adobe house was one of the most
significant factors in the etiology of lung cancer in women in El Paso County.
The houses are poorly ventilated andusually heated by burning oil, wood, or
other fuel in the center of the main room.
Mathai, A.M. and
Moschopoulos, P.G. "Pollution by vehicular travels from satellite
townships to the city." Envirometrics, vol. 10, no. 6, NOV-DEC
1999: pp. 791-802.
ABSTRACT:
Pollutants emitted by vehicles, noise pollution and other adverse effects on
the environment can be measured in terms of the expected distance travelled.
Various travel plans of vehicles going from a suburb to the city core or vice
versa when each region is circular in nature and within these regions the
starting and destination points are uniformly distributed have already been
examined. In the present article the assumption of uniformity is relaxed and
some general families of distributions are associated with the random points.
Various travel plans and the expected distances are computed.
McElroy, J.
"1989 El Paso-Juarez Particulate Pollutant Transport Study." [Las
Vegas: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Environmental Protection
Agency, 1990].
ABSTRACT:
Objectives of this study were to develop an aerometric database on suspended
particulates in the region, plan a comprehensive monitoring program, and the
determine the magnitude and direction of particulate pollution flux across the
international boundary. The study used a downward-looking airborne lidar system
to measure aerosol concentrations and create three dimensional pictures. Ground
based measurement systems at three sites along the border were used to measure
PM10 and CO levels and for comparison with the lidar data. The study found that
the lidar data was inconsistent with the ground sites' data, and offered
recommendations on how to better used the lidar. The authors found CO levels
were a reliable predictor of PM10 levels. Attempts to measure particulate
pollution flux across the border produced inconclusive results, which the
authors ascribed to the complexity of problem. http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Melero, Al. Implementation
and assessment of El Paso County oxygenated fuels program. Air Quality
Program, El Paso, Texas ; prepared for Mr. Jesus J. Reynoso. El Paso, Tex. :
Air Quality Program, [1993]. 30 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. General Note: "April
23, 1997."
Libraries with Item: TNRCC, 354.328 M46I C.1 BOOK TNRCC-MAIN
Morse, D.L.: Landrigan,
P.J.; Rosenblum, B.F.; Hubert, J.S.,; Housworth, J.
"El Paso revisited. Epidemiologic follow-up of an environmental lead
problem." Journal of the American Medical Association, Aug 24-31,
1979; vol. 242, no. 8:pp.739-41.
ABSRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Increased lead absorption was found in 1972 in 56% of 256 children aged 1 to 18
years who lived within 1.6 km of a lead-emitting ore smeltery in El Paso, Tex.
Engineering improvements have subsequently reduced emissions from the smeltery,
and levels of lead in air, dust, and soil have declined. To evaluate the impact
of these environmental improvements on lead absorption, we conducted a
follow-up study in 1977 of blood lead levels in 140 children aged 1 through 18
years who lived within 1.6 km of the smeltery. Mean blood lead levels were
found to have decreased from 41.4 to 17.7 microgram/dL in children living
within 0.8 km of the plant and from 31.2 to 20.2 microgram/dL in children
living at 0.8 to 1.6 km. These data argue for the feasibility of reducing
children's lead absorption near primary lead smelteries.
Mossing, M. L.;
Redetzke, K. A. and Applegate, H. G. "Organochlorine pesticides in blood
of persons from El Paso, Texas." Journal of Environmental Health
[continues Sanitarian's Journal of Environmental Health (OCoLC)1695391,
vol. 47, 1985: pp.312-313.
ABSTRACT:
Organochlorine pesticide residues were determined for adipose tissues samples
of 25 persons from El Paso, Texas, during the fall of 1983 and spring of 1984.
DDT occurred in 72 percent of the samples with a mean value of 1.50 ppm, while
the DDT breakdown product, DDE, occurred in 100 percent of the samples, with a
higher mean level of 4.96 ppm. This indicates primary past widespread exposure
for DDT, or possibly current food and water sources from areas of past DDT
application. Lindane occurred in 96 percent of samples, with a mean value of
0.20 ppm, and no breakdown products were detected. This indicates widespread,
more recent exposure for lindane, from a dispensed source such as water or
food. Heptachlor and its breakdown product, heptachlor expoxide, occurred in 44
percent and 12 percent of the samples, with a mean value of 0.12 ppm and 0.01
ppm respectively. This indicates more recent, possibly area-related exposure
for heptachlor.
Olmstead, Gary
Del. Analysis of Air Pollutant Levels Near Arterial Streets Using the CALINE
3 Dispersion Model. . [El Paso: University of Texas at El Paso, 1982].
Notes: 118 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Master’s thesis/University of Texas at El
Paso; no. 1784, 1982.
ABSTRACT (from thesis):
The need for models which can be used to analyze the environmental impacts of
proposed transportation projects is discussed. The use of one of the analytical
models, the California Line Source Dispersion Model, CALINE 3, is described.
CALINE 3 is applied to the major arterials around the University of Texas at El
Paso campus in order to evaluate existing conditions and to predict carbon
monoxide levels near the roadways in the year 1990.
Libraries with Item: The University of Texas at El Paso Library,
TD883.1 .O568 and Special Collections Ms. Z5055.U5T48 no. 1784. Current Per.
Microfilm MF 317 Roll 165
Opiela, Alex D. Compliance
status of regulated hydrocarbon sources in the Austin Corpus Christi
Houston/Galveston Dallas San Antonio Beaumont and El Paso air quality control
regions with an evaluation of hydrocarbon emissions from upset/maintenance
activities in each region. Austin, Tex. : Texas Air Control Board, [1977].
1 v (various pagings) ; 28 cm.
ABSTRACT:
This report detailed the compliance status of currently regulated hydrocarbon
sources in Texas. Section 110 of the Federal Clean Air Act required State
Implementation Plans to be revised whenever the plans are inadequate to meet
NAAQS. Air quality data, compliance status of regulated sources, and
restrictiveness of regulations were analyzed. Compliance schedules for each
region were devised.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 363.7363 OP3CA C.1
Ordonez BR,
Romero LR, Mora R. "Epidemiologic investigation regarding levels of lead
in the pediatric population and in the household environment in the city of
Juarez, Chihuahua, in relation to a smelter in El Paso, Texas" {Spanish}. Boletin
de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, 80, 1976: pp. 303-17.
ABSTRACT:
A representative overall sampling of households in Cuidad Juarez, plus 100 per
cent of the households in an area northwest of that city near a foundry in El
Paso, Texas, were studied to determine the bloodlevel of at least one child
within the 1-to-9 year age range in each home and the lead content of the dust
inside the house and the dirt in its yard or grounds. The occupational risk was
studied, as was the risk of lead intake from food prepared in enamel cooking
utensils.
Bloodlead levels were found to be highest in children whose homes were closest
to the foundry. There was a positive correlation between bloodlead levels and
the lead content of the dust in the home and the dirt in its yard or grounds.
No association was established between the higher lead levels and occupational
hazards or the use of enamel cooking utensils that give off lead. 51.7% of
children within one mile of the foundry had bloodlead levels over the US
standard of 40ug/100ml. Percentages of children with dangerous bloodlead levels
decreased with distance from the foundry, to 3.3% 6 to 8 miles from the
smelter. Overall, 8.5 of the sample of 754 children had bloodlead levels in
excess of 40ug/100ml.
Libraries with Item: Benson Latin American Collection G614.05 OF3
Orquiz, Ruben, Gravimetric
and elemental analyses of particulate matter in the El Paso-Cd. Juárez air
basin. [El Paso: University of Texas at El Paso, 2001] Notes: Thesis (M.S.)
no. 5512--University of Texas at El Paso, 2001. xii, 143 leaves : ill. (some
col.), col. map ; 28 cm.
ABSTRACT (from thesis):
This thesis presents the gravimetric and elemental analyses results of air
particulate samples collected from five sites in the El Paso-Cd. Juarez air
quality basin between August 1999 and March 2000. This air-monitoring program
used dichotomous samplers to fractionate particles according to their
aerodynamic diameters. Gravimetric weighing was performed to determine the
temporal and spatial variations of PM2.5 (particulate matter less
than 2.5um in aerodynamic diameter, or PM2.5) and PM2.5-10
(particulate matter less than 10um but greater than 2.5um in aerodynamic
diameter, or PM2.5-10) in the air basin. The results indicate that
nearly 80% of the PM10 (i.e., PM2.5 +PM2.5-10)
concentration is composed of coarse particulate matter, except for one site in
Ciudad Juarez. Concurrent measurements of hourly PM concentrations, wind speed,
and temperature showed strong diurnal patterns of the regional PM pollution. PM
was higher during the winter months due to low mixing heights (inversions) and
when wind speeds were above 7 m/s. Results of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)
elemental analyses were compared to similar, but limited, studies performed by
the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) in 1990 and 1997.
Major elements--A1, Ca, Na, K, Fe, and Ti--accounted for 35% of the total
concentrations in the PM2.5-10 fraction, indicating that geologic
sources in the area are the prevailing PM sources. Levels of heavy metals,
mainly considered as products of anthropogenic activities, have decreased significantly
from those observed in 1990 and 1997 and from SEM analysis; the heavy metals
were spherical in PM2.5 and of irregular shape in PM2.5-10.
Libraries with Item: UT-El Paso - TA4998 .O778 and special collections Ms.
Z5055 .U5T48 no. 5512.
Owens, W.D.,
Silcox, G.D.; Lighty, J.S.; Deng, X-X; Pershing, D.W.; Cundy, V.A.; Leger, C.;
and Jakway, A.J. "The desorption of toluene from a montmorillonite clay
adsorbent in a rotary-kiln environment." Journal of Air & Waste
Management Association, 1992, Vol. 42, p. 681. SCERP project A 6
"Control of Pollutant Emission from Waste Burning."
ABSTRACT:
A vaporization of toluene from pre-dried montmorillonite clay particles was
studied in a 130 kW pilot-scale rotary kiln. Vaporization rates were obtained
with a toluene weight fraction of 0.25 percent as a function of kiln fill
fractions from 3-8 percent, rotation rates of 0.1 to 0.9 rpm , and kiln
temperatures from 189 to 793 degrees C. . A desorption model was devised with
three adjustable parameters was devised that was confirmed by measurements. A
methodology for predicting full-scale performance was developed. Full-scale
toluene desorption predictions were completed for different operating
temperatures.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Engineering - TD 881 J18 V.42 1992.
Owens, W.D.,
Silcox, G.D.; Lighty, J.S.; Deng, X-X; Pershing, D.W.; Cundy, V.A.; Leger, C.;
and Jakway, A.J. Thermal Analysis of Rotary Kiln Incineration: Comparison of
Theory and Experiment. Combustion and Flame, 1991, vol. 86, p. 101. SCERP project A 6 "Control of Pollutant Emission
from Waste Burning."
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Chemistry - QD 516 C613 V.86-87 1991
Paganini, Otto. The
El Paso area air pollution study. Austin, Tex.: Texas State Dept. of
Health, 1959. Notes: iii, 83 leaves; 29 cm.; "May, 1959."/
"Prepared at the request of the El Paso City-County Health Dept., El Paso,
Texas."; Includes bibliographical references.
Dewey: 363.7392 OCLC: 35756619
Pearson, R,
Fitzgerald, R. "Application of a wind model for the El Paso-Juarez airshed."
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association May, 2001; vol.51,
no.5: pp. 669-80
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Time-dependent, 3-dimensional mesoscale model, version 5 (MM5), developed by
the Penn State University and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, was
applied to study the meteorology over complex terrain of the El Paso-Juarez
area. MM5 meteorological output data were compared against experimental data
from the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission on days of reported
high ozone concentrations. Model runs were conducted for a 36-, 12-, 4-km grid
arrangement. Results indicate that the dispersion of pollutants by wind plays a
significant role on days of low peak ozone concentration.
Pearson, Roderick
Raymone. Validation of a wind field model for the El Paso Juarez airshed.
El Paso: University of Texas at El Paso, 1998. Notes: Bibliography" leaves
85-88; Master's thesis no. 5175.
Introduction & Conclusion (edited):
In this study the Penn State University/National Center for Atmospheric
Research Mesoscale Meteorological Model (also known as MM5) was utilized to
study weather episodes, in particular 12-15 August 1996 and 3-5 September 1996
by the environmental Physics Group at the University of Texas at El Paso in
order to comply with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Committee (TNRCC)
desire to evaluate the meteorological conditions in those days of serious ozone
pollution. The model was employed using a 36km, 12km, and 4km grid resolution
with a vertical resolution of 25 levels. The model was optimized for use in
this study through evaluation of parameterization options available in the
prognostic portion of the model. After optimization, the case studies were
performed and analyzed.
The performance of the MM5 is evaluated. The main goal for the evaluation of
MM5 is to build confidence that the modeling system produces reliable wind and
temperature data for wind flow pattern analysis of the El Paso-Juarez Airshed
(EPJAS). The evaluation consisted of two parts: operational and subjective.
This combination of the two evaluations together proved to be a reliable method
to test MM5 performance. The rest of this paper discusses the general initialization
of MM5, the specific initialization done in this study, the statistics utilized
for analysis, the case study conditions, findings and conclusions and
suggestions for implementation of MM5 for the EPJAS.
Libraries with Item: UT-El Paso - QC 2998.P43 1998, Spec. Coll. Manuscripts - Z
5055.U5 T48 no. 5175, Microfilm MF 317 roll 406.
Perkinson,
Dennis. Highway and Vehicle Pollutant Levels Along Texas Border Towns.
[Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas:
November 1997] Notes: Research performed in cooperation with the Texas
Department of Transportation; Report Number: 2997-S TX-98/2997-S
ABSTRACT:
The passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) has resulted in several
Texas urban areas being declared nonattainment areas. Several other areas need
to take actions to maintain current air quality levels to avoid being declared
nonattainment. Many of these areas are considering transportation-related
strategies to reduce emissions. This project quantifies on-road mobile source
emissions within the four most populous border counties (Cameron, El Paso,
Hidalgo, and Webb) and evaluates the contribution of Mexican vehicles to the
overall emission levels. Information is also provided on the impacts of delay
and idling at the international bridges. This information will assist in
developing strategies to reduce or limit the growth of on-road mobile source
emissions through transportation projects and programs.
Pershing, D.W.;
Lighty, J.S.; Silcox, G.D.; Heap, M.P.; and Owens, W.D. "Solid waste
incineration in rotary kilns," Combustion Science and Technology,
vol. 93, 1-6, 1993:p. 245-276. SCERP project A 6 "Control of Pollutant
Emission from Waste Burning."
ABSTRACT:
This article is a good overview of the Rotary kiln process, and of research
using Rotary kilns to treat contaminated soils. Existing studies on mercury,
cadmium, lead, and copper in rotary kilns and the vaporization levels are
presented. Charts showing the temperatures and moisture levels needed for
breaking down organics such as benzene and toluene are given. Rotary kilns are
used to dispose of many solid wastes and sludges and to thermally treat
contaminated soils. In this communication the fates of hydrocarbon and metal
species are examined with a view toward optimization of new kiln designs and
maximizing existing unit throughout while minimizing pollutant emissions.
Initially, process fundamentals are consider to characterize the controlling
phenomena. Pilot- and large-scale data are then examined to define practical
system complexities. Finally, techniques for data scale-up and performance
prediction are summarized. Temperature is clearly the most important parameter
with respect to the fate of both metal and hydrocarbon species. High
temperatures favor hydrocarbon evolution, but can also enhance the formation of
toxic metal fumes. Future work is need to verify predictions for complex
mixtures.
Libraries with Item: UT Austin, Engineering - QD 516 C616 V.92-93 1993
Pillai SD, Widmer
KW, Dowd SE, Ricke SC. "Occurrence of airborne bacteria and pathogen
indicators during land application of sewage sludge". Applied and
environmental microbiology, Jan. 1996; vol.62, no. 1: pp.296-9
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Glass impingers (AGI-30) were used at a commercial sludge application site to
determine the levels of airborne bacteria and pathogen indicators. Even though
heterotrophic bacteria averaged 10(5) CFU/m3, none of the sites showed the
presence of Salmonella spp. or indicators such as fecal coliforms or
coliphages. Indicators such as H2S producers and pathogenic clostridia were
present in locations having significant physical agitation of the sludge
material. PCR-based ribotyping using the 16S-23S interspacer region is a
promising method to identify the genetic relatedness and origins of airborne
clostridia.
Pingitore,
Nicholas , University of Texas at El Paso. "Identity, Elemental/Isotopic
Composition, and Origin of Particulates in El Paso-Juarez Air, 1968-
1998." SCERP Project Number: A97-1
ABSTRACT:
Researchers propose to examine and analyze contemporary and older ambient air
filter samples collected in El Paso and Cd. Juarez over a 30 year period. From
the samples, researchers will determine the concentrations and sites of toxic
metals in the particulate matter; establish the origin of toxic natural and
anthropogenic particulates; and trace the evolution over the past 30 years of
the suite of particulates in the air shed.
Location: http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Popp, Martin,
NMIMT, "Reactive Atmospheric Organic Compounds in the El Paso, Texas -
Ciudad Juarez, Mexico Airshed," 1994.
ABSTRACT:
This project proposed to quantify atmospheric concentrations and seasonal and diurnal
behavior of various organic compounds in the El Paso air shed. Researchers
conducted to field studies, one in winter and one in summer with samples
collected from existing monitoring stations in both El Paso and Cd. Juarez.
Findings for regulated compounds included average readings as follows: El Paso
Cd Juarez sum win sum win CO (ppm) 1.7 1.6 .5 1.1 O3 (ppb) 31 12.3 35.2 15 NO
(ppb) 18.8 54.7 --* 15 NO2 (ppb) 30.5 42 --* 33.7 *equipment failure, no
readings Researchers note that the observed time of day differences in compound
levels between El Paso and Cd Juarez may be attributable to culture differences
(i.e. peak traffic times). Spikes in winter levels of NO and NO2 within Cd
Juarez likely reflect heating practices and seasonal meteorology. The ozone
patterns are quite similar for both cities in summer and winter. This research
also provides data on non-regulated species.
Location: http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Quevedo, Hector
Adolf. Concentration and Distribution of Suspended Particulate Lead in the
City of Juarez, Mexico. Doctoral dissertation/University of Oklahoma. Ann
Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1977.
INTRODUCTION (edited):
The present study was conducted in the city of Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, which
is located just across the Rio Grande River from El Paso, Texas, on the
Texas-Mexico border where the river flows southerly toward the Gulf of Mexico.
The El Paso-Juarez area constitutes the most important metropolitan center
along the United States-Mexico border with an estimated population of over one
million people with approximately 600,000 in Juarez alone. This single
community, divided between three states and two countries is characterized by a
remarkable combination of topography, climatology, industrial and economic
structures in which air pollution problems are common. In fact, the most
relevant characteristics of the area are constituted by geographic features
that have an important influence in the meteorological processes and by the
complex industrial sources that dominate the area. The Juarez metropolitan area
was chosen for the present study in an effort to appraise more thoroughly the
concentrations of lead, zinc, and cadmium associated with suspended particulate
matter discharged by the local smelting industry in El Paso in a sampling
period which started April 8, 1975 and ended April 10, 1976.
This research was initiated because several cases of environmental lead
pollution intoxication had been discovered among the child population living
near the smelter sources during a survey performed by the Ministry of Health
and Welfare of Mexico. The present field of study was also chosen because the
region of interest presented a natural laboratory to study the different levels
of atmospheric contaminants in an environment that contains an interesting
combination of unique characteristics of climate and geography.
This research was designed to relate concentrations of atmospheric lead, zinc, and
cadmium to each other. It was also designed to relate the concentrations of
these metals to the distance from the smelting industry. Thirdly, it was
designed to investigate the concentration and distribution of high and low
levels of these metals in the Juarez metropolitan area. Although it was the
purpose of this work to delineate the levels and origins of atmospheric
contaminants around each of the nine sampling sites that composed the network,
it was not in the scope of this investigation to account for precise or
definite diffusion patterns due to the complex topographic features that made
the projection of atmospheric inputs very difficult since a variety of local
circulation systems occur as a result of temperature differentials.
Libraries with item: UT-El Paso - TD887.L4Q4.
Radian
Corporation. ; Texas Air Control Board. A study of ambient air quality and
emission source contributions to ambient air pollution for El Paso County :
final report. [Austin, Tex.] : Radian Corporation, 1983. 2 v. : p., ill.,
maps ;, 28 cm. Table of Contents: v. 1. Analyses and conclusions -- v. 2.
Evaluation of the quality of available monitoring data and appendices.
SUBJECT(S): Air quality -- Texas -- El Paso County. Note(s): Tx Doc no.:
A1200.8, St94ama/ Cover title./ "July 13, 1983." OCLC: 10193597.
Libraries with Item: TEXAS STATE LIBR - A1200.8, St94ama
Radian
Corporation; Texas Air Control Board. Summary and disposition of comments on
the draft report A study of ambient air quality and emission source
contributions ambient air pollution for El Paso County. [Austin, Tex.] :
Texas Air Control Board, 1983. 88 p. ; p., 28 cm. SUBJECT(S): Air quality --
Texas -- El Paso County. Note(s): Tx Doc no.: A1200.8, St94ama, Sum/ Cover
title. "July 13, 1983. OCLC:
10200565.
Libraries with Item: TEXAS STATE LIBR - A1200.8, St94ama
Redetzke, K. A.,
A. A. Gonzalez, and H. G. Applegate.. "Organochlorine pesticides in
adipose tissue of persons from Ciudad Juarez, Mexico." Journal of
Environmental Health [continues Sanitarian's Journal of Environmental
Health (OCoLC)1695391], vol. 56, Oct., 1993: pp. 25-27.
ABSTRACT:
Organochlorine pesticide residues were determined for adipose tissue samples of
25 persons from El Paso, Texas during the fall of 1983 and spring of 1994. DDT
occured72 percent of the samples with a mean value of 1.50 ppm, while the DDT
breakdown product, DDE, occurred in 100 percent of the samples with a higher
mean level of 4.96 ppm. This indicates primarily past widespread exposure for
DDT, or possibly current food and water sources from areas of past DDT
application. Lindane occurred in 96 percent of the samples, with a mean value
of 0.20 ppm, and no breakdown products were detected, indicating more recent
exposure for lindane from food or water. Heptachlor and its breakdown product,
heptachlor epoxide, occurred in 44 percent and 12 percent of the samples, with
mean value of 0.12 ppm and 0.01 ppm respectively. This indicates more recent,
possibly area-related exposure for heptachlor.
Redetzke, K. A.,
and M. J. McCann. "Isolations of Leptospira from desert rodents of West
Texas." Journal of Wildlife Diseases, vol. 16, 1980: pp. 333-337.
ABSTRACT:
Urine, blood and tissue samples from 369 rodents of 13 species were cultured
for Leptospira. Four serogroups, including ballum isterohaemorrhaggiae, pomona,
and grippotyphosa, were isolated from 70 rodents (19%) of 9 species.
Redlinger, T*,
O’Rourke, K., and Goodman, K. "Age distribution of Helicobacter pylori
seroprevalence among young children in a USA-Mexico border community." American
Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 150, 1999: pp.225-30.
ABSTRACT:
Study of bacterium responsible for chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. Exact
mode of transmission unclear, but the evidence points to fecal-oral, oral-oral
and waterborne transmission. 21% of sample of 365 tested positive.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Life Science Library - RA 421 A37 V.150
Rincon, C., EDF, Comparison
of Vehicle Emissions and Maintenance Programs in El Paso, TX and Cd. Juarez,
Chihuahua, Mexico, 1993.
ABSTRACT:
This brief compilation includes data from various sources and presents several
tables showing the emission standards for El Paso and for Ciudad Juarez as well
as the number of vehicles reported for each city. It also includes separate
tables showing emission test results from both cities (although it is not clear
if or how the tables can be compared). The document also provides citations for
regulations in Chihuahua, Mexico related to auto emissions.
Location: http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Rink, K.K.;
Larsen, F.S.; Kozinski, J.A.; Lighty, J.S.; and Silcox, G.D.; Pershing, D.W.
"Thermal treatment of hazardous wastes: a comparison of fluidized bed and
rotary kiln incineration." Energy and Fuels, vol.7, No. 6, 1993: p.
805. SCERP project A 6 "Control of Pollutant Emission from Waste
Burning."
ABSTRACT:
Large volumes of sludge are produced by a wide variety of industrial processes
and by municipal waste water treatment. Interest in incinerating these sludges,
either alone or co-fired with other fuels is increasing. Two different paper
mill sludges were used in rotary kilns and fluidized beds and analyzed for
hydrocarbon emissions, NOx emissions, and ash properties. NO levels were found
to be dependant on level of nitrogen and oxygen in sludge, with the fluid bed
combustor producing higher levels of NO. Both incinerators produced little
unburnt hydrocarbons. Fly ash formation was dependent on the mix of sludge
being burned, with the fluid bed combustor producing smaller particles. While
both have potential as means of dealing with sludge, more research is needed to
find the best means of controlling emissions from incineration.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Chemistry Library -TP 315 E518 V.7 1993
Roberts et al,
Sonoma Tech, Inc., "Summary of Measurements Obtained During the 1996 Paso
del Norte Ozone Study. "
ABSTRACT:
Study objectives included collecting meteorological and air quality data to
support modeling and to improve the understanding of what influences high ozone
concentrations. The researchers added down-wind sites to existing air
monitoring sites in the Paso del Norte region. Based on daily meteorological
and air quality forecasts, researchers decided whether to conduct intensive or
supplemental sampling. Intensive operations meant that aircraft and surface
sampling occurred simultaneously. On nine separate days, researchers collected
intensive measurements of hydrocarbons and carbonyls. In a presentation to the
Joint Advisory Committee on Air Quality Improvement in the Paso del Norte
region, researchers reported that mixing height is a function of time. In the
day, heat produces mixing heights up to about 3,000 feet and overnight there
are inversions. Typical meteorological conditions during high ozone
concentrations included neutral synoptic gradients; maximum temperatures of 90
F; calm morning winds and clear morning skies. They found no evidence that high
ozone concentrations could be left over from the previous day to mix with new
emissions. They did find that a slow rise in mixing height was associated with
high ozone concentrations and that tight clouds of ozone did not disperse
horizontally until they were mixed vertically.
Location: http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
RODERICK, L.M.
"A computer simulation of the impact of the Cordova Bridge traffic delays
on the environment." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 28, no. 9,1993: pp. 1927-1946.
ABSTRACT BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS.:
International bridges are common and add a significant amount of pollutants to
the air. A computer simulation model recently developed at the University of Texas
at El Paso shows that over 1280 combined tons of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons,
and oxides of nitrogen are added to the air, annually, from vehicles
waiting to cross the Cordova Bridge.
Ross, John C.
"Do the Existing Air Pollution Statutes and Regulations Provide the
Required Protection in the El Paso-Juarez Area?", in Applegate, Howard G.
and C. Richard Bath, eds. Air Pollution along the United States-Mexico
Border. The First Binational Symposium on Air Pollution Held on the Campus of
The University of Texas at El Paso September 27-28, 1973. El Paso: Texas
Western Press, 1974. pp. 115-119.
ABSTRACT:
Author's main thrust is that existing statutes and regulations are inadequate
for solving the problems. Through a concise analysis of the situation in 1973
and the impact of the then-pending EPA standards the author states that they
will fail to solve the problems because they do not account for the Cuidad
Juarez contribution to emissions in El Paso air. There is an early recognition
of the importance of vehicle emissions in being a major source of air
pollution. As the flow of air pollutants goes both ways, the author gives a
case for new legal tools to address the problem.
Russel, Woody,
"Vehicular Air Pollution in the United States along the Border", in
Applegate, Howard G. and C. Richard Bath, eds. Air Pollution along the
United States-Mexico Border. The First Binational Symposium on Air Pollution
Held on the Campus of The University of Texas at El Paso September 27-28, 1973.
El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974: pp. 42-49.
ABSTRACT:
The author starts with an overview of transportation emissions: their sources,
processes that produce them and the specific gases and particulates that
compose emissions. The bulk of the article is charts on available figures for
the border area from San Diego to Brownsville. El Paso is clearly the largest
contributor to the Texas Region XI figures, with 78% of the NO and 81% of the
hydrocarbons in Region XI. While vehicle figures for Texas and the border are
incomplete, the El Paso figure of around 12 million vehicle crossings is close
to that of the entire California border figure of 13 million vehicle crossings.
In terms of overall emissions, El Paso contributes 10% to 14% of the total
vehicular emissions for the whole US-Mexico border.
Schatzman,
Christopher G., The regulation of stationary air pollution in El Paso, Texas,
1951-1975. El Paso, Texas : University of Texas, 1977. Notes: iii; 151 l.; 28
cm.; University of Texas at El Paso; Master's thesis; no. 1379; Bibliography
144-151.
INTRODUCTION (from thesis):
Historically, political science has tended to focus on the market place of
politics, the electoral process and the contest among groups for influence with
the elected officials who control the levers of official power. In recent
years, political science has begun to adjust its focus to include analysis of
the public policy created by those officials in response to the contest for
influence. The analysis of public policy has been performed in the area of
environmental politics to determine what response public officials have made to
demands for a cleaner environment.
Specifically, this thesis will
attempt to analyze the response of officials of the City of El Paso to demands
for the control of air pollution caused by what are termed stationary sources.
Stationary source air pollution is defined as air pollution, either particulate
or gaseous, generated by industrial sources. Excluded from consideration will
be such non-industrial sources as sewage treatment plants, and stockyard
operations. Public policy on air pollution caused by motor vehicles, or mobile
source air pollution, will not be analyzed from a local perspective, because to
a large extent, regulation in this area has been preempted by the national
government, under the Motor Vehicle Air Pollution control Act of 1965, and the
national Emissions Standards Act of 1967. The focus of the analysis will be on
local government because it is at that level that the impact of industrially
caused air pollution is perceived, and it is at that level that complaints
about the situation can be directly lodged. Moreover, the focus will be on
local level because control of stationary source emissions originally was in
the hands of state and local governments and the national government has not
completely preempted their roles.
Libraries with Item: UT-El Paso TD174.S34 f ; Spec. Coll. Manuscripts
Z5055.U5T48 no. 1379 f ; Microfilm MF 317 Roll 129
Schiffer,
Randolph B; Chiodo, Lou; Williams, Darryl M.; Lajara-Nanson, Walter. GRANT
FUNDS BORDER HEALTH RESEARCH, SUPERCOMPUTER
ABSTRACT:
Texas Tech University and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center will
support a border health research project in neuropsychiatric disease as well as
complete funding for supercomputer support at The Institute of Environmental
and Human Health (TIEHH). The research efforts of the group are aimed at better
understanding environmental risk factors for certain late-life neuropsychiatric
diseases, primarily Parkinson's disease, but also Alzheimer's and depression.
The study will research the possibility of a link between environmental factors
and susceptibility to these diseases.
The research will be conducted at two colonias-predominantly Mexican-American
communities-in the El Paso region. "We think populations on the border
have special environmental exposures which might interact with genetic risk
factors to produce disease," Schiffer said. The population of the colonias
will be screened for diseases, then research will be conducted on the air, water,
dirt and other environmental factors.
The project involves researchers from TTUHSC, TTUHSC El Paso and TIEHH.
Seila, R.L.,
Main, H.H., Arriaga, J.L., Martinez, G., Ramadan, A.B. "Atmospheric
volatile organic compound measurements during the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone
Study." The Science of the Total Environment, no. 276(1-3), Aug 10,
2001:pp. 153-69.
ABSTRACT [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Ambient air VOC samples were collected at surface air quality monitoring sites,
near sources of interest, and aloft on the US (El Paso) and Mexican (Ciudad
Juarez) side of the border during a six-week period of the 1996 Paso del Norte
Ozone Study. Samples were collected at five sites, three on the US side and two
on the Mexican side, during nine intensive operation days when high ozone
levels were forecast for the area. Six other sites were sampled to characterize
up-wind, down-wind and other emission sources. Samples for determining source
profiles were collected for rush hour traffic, propane-powered bus exhaust, automobile
paint shop emissions, propane fuels, and industrial manufacturing in Cd. Juarez
and a refinery in El Paso. Most samples were collected in electro-polished
stainless steel canisters for determination of C2 to C(10+) hydrocarbons by
GC-FID. Carbonyl samples were collected on DNPH impregnated cartridges at three
surface sites during aircraft flights and analyzed by HPLC. This paper presents
the spatial and temporal characteristics of VOC species concentrations and
compositions to examine the differences and similarities of the various
locations and time periods. Overall surface, total non-methane hydrocarbon
values ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 ppmC with the highest concentrations being
recorded in the morning and evening at five vehicle-dominated sites, three in
Cd. Juarez and two in El Paso. Toluene in El Paso samples and propane, which is
used as a cooking and transportation fuel in Cd. Juarez, were the most abundant
hydrocarbons. The most abundant carbonyls were acetaldehyde, acetone and
formaldehyde.
Shepherd, Mark A.
The relationship between ozone and nitrogen oxide concentration in the
atmosphere over El Paso, Texas. [Waco, Texas] Baylor University, 1995.
Notes v, 49 leaves : p., charts ;, 28 cm.; Includes abstract./ Bibliography:
leaves 28-30./ Dissertation: Thesis (M.S.)--Baylor University, 1995. LC:
QH541.B38 OCLC: 32674011
Libraries with Item: At BAYLOR UNIV.
Shields Jack.
"Ambient air arsenic levels along the Texas-Mexico border." Journal
of Air & Waste Management, 1991, no 41:pp. 827-31.
ABSTRACT:
The Texas-Mexico border region is one of the most rapidly developing areas in
the state. Unprecedented economic and demographic growth is placing stress on a
system already overburdened with air, water, waste, and public health problems.
This paper report the results of an initial survey of past and present ambient
air levels of arsenic along the Texas side of the border. Ambient air arsenic
levels have increased over time, exhibit seasonal variations, and are higher in
specific areas when compared to the rest of the state. Five of the 20 areas in
Texas having the highest 24-hour levels of arsenic are found along the border.
In areas where emissions have been significantly reduce at the source, arsenic
levels remained high in the environment for over two years. This provides a
potential continuum for human exposure. The results of this study emphasize the
need for bi-national development and implementation of air quality control
programs along the Texas-Mexico border.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Engineering TD 881 J18 V.41 1991 Library
Smith, Jack.
"Environmental Air Quality Monitoring," [Albuquerque, NM ] Sandia
Corp., July 1993.
Smith, J.
"Upper Atmospheric Wind and Temperature Profile Data for the El
Paso/Ciudad Juarez Airshed, 1994."
ABSTRACT (1994-1996) :
This is a continuation of A29. Data were gathered continuously since the
project started in FY 1993 until Jan 1996 when a storm damaged radar antennas.
Researchers can produce graphical hard copies of daily wind profile and
temperature data. This effort has shown that ground clutter can affect the
accuracy and resolution of the wind profiles at the lower altitudes (100m to
500m). Above 500m the results from this effort compare well with those from
other independent measurements. Therefore, researchers developed and installed
a ground clutter filter, which greatly improved the performance of the radar at
lower altitudes. This effort found that radar performance varied seasonally.
During the summer profiles at higher altitudes were obtained. A very practical
result of this research is that it could help planners in determining the most
appropriate location for industrial development based on air migration patterns
which would minimize the effects of pollutants.
http://air.utep.edu/publications/
Smith, Jack.
"Upper Atmosphere Wind and Temperature Profile Data for the El Paso -
Juarez Airshed," 1995. Southwest Center for Environmental Research and
Policy Project.
ABSTRACT (1995 abstract):
This continues the work done for A29 and A30. The researchers propose to
continue developing the database for temperature and wind profiles and to
correlate their measurements with National Weather Service data and local
ground sensor readings. The data are being formatted for use as inputs to
computer models.
http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Solis, Adriana. An
analysis of EPA's progress on the integrated border environmental plan's
hazardous waste commitments. Austin, Tex.: Texas Center for Policy Studies,
1993. Notes: 6; (13) leaves ; ill. ; 28 cm.
ABSTRACT:
The Texas Center for Policy Studies evaluated the progress of the Integrated
Border Environmental Plan. The TCPS found that few of the actions proposed by
IBEP have been implemented, and that most of the specific programs haven't been
created. The efforts of TCPS to gain information from governmental agencies is
documented in reproductions of correspondence with the agencies. The failure of
EPA to meet the IBEP goals is attributed to a lack of adequate resources and
organizational structure for addressing border issues.
Stedman, D. H.
"Interim Report on Vehicle Measurements in El Paso, Texas and Juarez
Mexico." Denver, Colorado: University of Denver, 1993.
ABSTRACT:
This study used an infrared remote sensing unit to measure CO2, CO, and
hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions from vehicles on the road. Another prototype
unit can measure NO. The unit takes less than one second to measure emissions from
one vehicle and is capable of continuous measurement of a traffic stream. A
video monitor system was used to record information on the vehicle and to
record license plate numbers for determining the owners of the vehicles. The
unit was used at four locations in El Paso and seven locations in Cuidad Juarez
to measure emissions from around 16,000 vehicles. While the Juarez emissions
were three times those in El Paso, they were lower than levels measured in
Mexico City. Researchers think the technology offers an accurate means to
estimate total vehicle emissions, using known ratios of CO emissions per gallon
of fuel burned with figures on actual fuel consumption.
Sterling DA,
Lewis RD. "Pollen and fungal spores indoor and outdoor of mobile
homes" Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, March, 1998, vol.
80, no.3: pp. 279-85.
BACKGROUND [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]:
Allergenic diseases triggered by aeroallergens extract a health cost in quality
of life and in economic impact. People generally spend 90% to 95% of their time
indoors, so understanding the environmental factors that affect the presence of
aeroallergens indoors are important in understanding health impact and
potential intervention methods. OBJECTIVE: Describe the relationship of indoor
airborne pollen and fungal spores in occupied mobile homes with outdoor
concentrations and other environmental factors within geographically diverse
areas of Texas. METHODS: Airborne pollen and fungal spores were collected
during the daytime with RotoRod samplers indoor and outdoor of mobile homes in
Houston and El Paso, Texas. Samples were counted simultaneously with a dual
eyepiece microscope and identified morphologically and through staining
techniques. RESULTS: Geometric mean concentrations (counts/m3) indoors and
outdoors for pollen, respectively, were Houston 7.1 and 196.4; and El Paso 17.5
and 71.5. Geometric mean concentrations (counts/m3) indoors and outdoors for
spore, respectively, were Houston 98.5 and 196.4; and El Paso 36.9 and 71.5.
Indoor to outdoor ratios (I/O) for pollen and fungal spores were found to be
higher on average than has been previously reported. Modeling of predictive
factors in Houston demonstrate that 62% and 41% of indoor levels of pollen and
fungal spores, respectively, can be explained by their corresponding outdoor
levels. These data suggest that the many factors associated with individual
exposure to airborne pollen and fungal spores indoors are under the control of
the occupant, and may additionally be influenced by the physical
characteristics of mobile homes, in particular the high surface area to volume
ratio and restricted flow patterns.
Sullivan, David
W.; Lambeth, Bryan; Porter, Thomas. Monitoring Operations Division, Texas
Natural Resource Conservation Commission. "Changes over Recent Years in
Air Quality in the Rio Bravo/Rio Grande Border Region."
ABSTRACT:
Over the past few years, some noticeable improvements have occurred in air
pollution measurements in the Rio Bravo/Rio Grande Border Region. For example a
comparison of carbon monoxide levels from a border crossing point in downtown
Laredo shows a 33% drop between comparable periods before and after the opening
of a new bridge in April 2000. Far upriver, the Paso del Norte area has seen a
decline in levels of ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter owing to
better emission controls in both El Paso and Juarez. In this paper we quantify
these changes in air quality, taking into account factors that other
researchers often ignore: e.g., meteorology, monitor calibration methods, and
the number and placement of monitors. There are limited data available on air
toxics, but for what information we have we assess trends and compare readings
in the Border Region with those from other parts of Texas, and with other cities
in the other Border states.
Summit, G.D., J.S. Lighty, D.W. Pershing, J.A. Kozinski, W.H. McClennen, C. Diaz-Quiz. "Characterization of Pollutant Emissions in Residential Heaters of the US/Mexico Border Region", submission to Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, May, 1994. SCERP project A 6 "Control of Pollutant Emission from Waste Burning." http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Suruda, A.
"Analysis of Environmental Lead in the El Paso - Ciudad Juarez Area.
1994." SCERP Project Number: AQ94-OF-4
ABSTRACT: (1994)--This effort was designed to assess lead exposure among
indigent pregnant women in the El Paso-Cd. Juarez area. Researchers conducted
air sampling in Mexican neighborhoods and for 72 hours from the roofs of
community health clinics. The results showed that all house dust samples as
well as the clinic samples were below EPA recommended guidelines.
http://air.utep.edu/publications/docusearch.cfm
Systems
Applications International. ; Alpine Geophysics (Firm) ; Texas Air Control
Board. Photochemical modeling of four areas in Texas: final report.
Austin, Tex.: The [Texas Air Control] Board, 1991 Description: 4 v. : p., ill.,
maps ;, 28-30 cm. Note(s): Includes bibliographical references; GovDoc: A1200.8
P566.
Table of Contents: v. 1. Executive summary -- v. 2. UAM application for
Houston, Beaumont, and Port Arthur -- v. 3. UAM application for Dallas-Ft.
Worth -- v. 4. UAM application for El Paso.
OCLC: 26091321.
Libraries with Item: TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIV, TEXAS WOMAN'S UNIV LIBR, TEXAS STATE
LIBR- A1200.8 P566 V.1, V.2, V.3, V.4.
Taylor, Vince.
"State Statutes and Regulations Applicable to Air Pollution in the El Paso
Area.", in Applegate, Howard G. and C. Richard Bath, eds. Air Pollution
along the United States-Mexico Border. The First Binational Symposium on Air
Pollution Held on the Campus of The University of Texas at El Paso September
27-28, 1973. El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974. pp. 103-105.
ABSTRACT:
A brief overview of the Texas Clean Air Act and statutes applicable to the air
pollution problem in El Paso area. The author believes that with a combined
cross-border effort in each locality of enforcement by authorized personnel the
Act can end the contamination of air and water. The author postulates
successful efforts can create not only clean air and water but a "bond of
mutual friendship.
Telloz J.
"Sources of atmospheric pollution at the U.S.-Mexican border." Natural
Resources Journal, 1972, vol 12, no. 4:pp. 564-6.
ABSTRACT:
Auto emissions are the single largest source of air pollution, accounting for
50% of overall pollutants, especially with CO and particulates. Industrial
sources accounted for 30% of emissions, with a few sites contributing 10% of
all pollutants. Electrical generation and home heating accounted for 15% of
emissions, mainly in suspended particualtes and CO. Waste burning accounted for
the rest of the air pollution mix, with suggestions that incineration could
reduce the levels waste combustion contributed to air pollution. The largest
obstacle facing reduction of pollution was legal constraints. The US
governmental agencies need to strictly enforce statutes, and Mexico needed new
laws controlling dust and smoke.
Libraries with Item: UT-Austin, Public Affairs, Geology, HC 10 N3.
Texas Air Control
Board. Air quality in El Paso : particulate/lead/sulfur dioxide/carbon
monoxide. Austin, Tex.: The Board, [1983]. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ;
28 cm.
ABSTRACT:
El Paso is the only
major metropolitan area in Texas where monitoring has indicated a history of
air quality problems for lead and carbon monoxide, with a potential problem for
sulfur dioxide. In general, the highest total suspended particulate levels for
any Texas city are recorded in El Paso. The TACB contracted Energy Technology
Consultants and Radian Corporation to conduct evaluations of El Paso air
quality. No studies of ozone were performed as El Paso levels were barely over
the standard and lower than those of other major Texas cities. Total suspended
particulate standards were exceeded during one or more of the study years at 14
of 22 monitoring sites. The highest annual means (181ug/m30 were in the center
city area near an industrial site. Average levels for other nonattainment sites
were 102ug/m3. All nonattainment sites exceeded the 24-hour standard 4.1% of
the time from 1977-1981. Data showed that ASARCO is the largest contributor of
lead in western areas of the city, and was a significant source of SO2. CO was
generated almost exclusively by vehicles.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 628.53764 T31E.
Texas Air Control
Board. Attainment status of the total suspended particulate air quality
standards in the Amarillo--Lubbock, Brownsville--Laredo, Corpus Christi, San
Antonio and El Paso air quality control regions. Austin, Tex. : Texas Air
Control Board, [1976]. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm. General Note:
"September 15, 1976."
ABSTRACT:
El Paso failed to achieve compliance with the 24 hour standard for PM in 1975.
Three sites exceeded the standard in 1975, with fugitive dust from unpaved
roads and construction part of the problem. Because of blowing dust and
fugitive dust from El Paso and Cd. Juarez, it was projected that the 24 hour
standard would not be achieved in the upcoming years. Recommendations for
further studies are microanalytical examination of sample filters, detailed
area inspections at selected sites, analysis of elemental data from sites
exceeding AGM standard, examination of factors affecting suspended particulate
on calm days, installation of new hi-vol sampling sites, comparison of
predicted ambient levels of particulates using dispersion models with results
of empirical data, and analysis of fugitive sources using an elemental tracer.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 363.7363 T22AA C.1, C.2.
Texas Air Control
Board. Post-1982 carbon monoxide control strategy, El Paso County: Texas
state implementation plan. [Austin : Texas Air Control Board], 1985. 21 p.:
p., 1 map;, 28 cm.; GovDoc: A1200.8 P845cam 1985. OCLC: 12911672.
Libraries with Item: EL PASO PUB LIBR-TXP, TEXAS STATE LIBR-IKM, TEXAS WOMAN'S
UNIV LIBR-IWU, UNIV OF N TEXAS-INT, UNIV OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON-IUA, UNIV OF
TEXAS AT EL-TXU, UNIV OF TEXAS AT -TEX, WEST TEXAS A&M UNIV, CORNETTE -TWT
Texas Air Control
Board. Post-1982 ozone control strategies : Dallas, El Paso, and Tarrant
counties : Texas state implementation plan. [Austin : Texas Air Control
Board], 1985. 95 p. : p., 3 maps ;, 28 cm. SUBJECT(S): Air -- Pollution -- Texas -- Dallas County. Air --
Pollution -- Texas -- El Paso County. Air -- Pollution -- Texas -- Tarrant
County. Air quality management -- Texas -- Dallas County. Air quality
management -- Texas -- El Paso County. Air quality management -- Texas --
Tarrant County. Ozone. Note(s): Cover title, GovDoc: A1200.8 P845ozc 1985,
OCLC: 12911647.
Libraries with Item: EL PASO PUB LIBR-TXP, TEXAS STATE LIBR-IKM, TEXAS WOMAN'S
UNIV LIBR-IWU, UNIV OF N TEXAS-INT, UNIV OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON-IUA, UNIV OF
TEXAS AT EL PASO--TXU, UNIV OF TEXAS AT TYLER-TEX, WEST TEXAS A&M UNIV,
CORNETTE LIBR-TWT
Texas Air Control
Board. Region 11-- revised SO2 control strategy. [Austin, Tex. : Texas
Air Control Board], 1974. 1 sheet ; p., 28 cm. SUBJECT(S): Air -- Pollution --
Texas -- El Paso Region. Air quality -- Texas -- El Paso Region. Sulfur
dioxide. Note(s): Caption title; GovDoc: A1200.4 R263d 11 74/12/5; OCLC: 13541715.
Libraries with Item: TEXAS STATE LIBR A1200.4 R263D.
Texas Air Control
Board. Revision to the state implementation plan (SIP) for carbon monoxide
(CO) : post 1990 CO SIP for moderate area--El Paso. Austin, Tex.: Texas Air
Control Board, [1993]. 17 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. General Note: "June
1993." .
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 363.7384 R32C C.1.
Texas Air Control
Board. Status of major compliance programs in the Brownsville-Laredo Corpus
Christi Houston/Galveston Dallas San Antonio/Eagle Pass and El Paso air quality
control regions. Austin, Tex. : Texas Air Control Board, [1976]. 1 v.
(various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm.
ABSTRACT:
National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for suspended particulates were
established in 1971. This report examined the data to see if the standards for
particulate matter had been attained. El Paso, along with other regions of
non-compliance, had its efforts to attain compliance documented. The authors
concluded that with the exception of ASARCO, all major sources and all minor
sources in El Paso were in substantial compliance with standards.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 363.7363 ST3S.
Texas Air Control
Board. Supplemental tables : site/pollution summary information and site
pollutant correlation maps. Texas Air Control Board. Publication info: [S.l.] :
[s.n.] , [1981?]. 44 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 363.7 SI1P C.1.
Texas Air Control
Board, Emissions Inventory Section. Report on reasonable further progress in
reduction of volatile organic compound emissions: El Paso County, 1985. Imprint
[Austin, Tex.?] The Board, 1986. Notes: 16, [8] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.;
prepared for U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 6 by Texas Air
Control Board, Emissions Inventory Section.
SUMMARY:
This report is submitted in accordance with Section 6.a.7) d) of the Texas Air
Control Board’s (TACB) Post 1982 State Implementation Plan (SIP) and
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines for SIP development in 46FR
7182-7192, January 22, 1981, and the guidance Document for Correction of Part D
SIP’s for Nonattainment Areas published on January 27, 1984. It provides
estimates of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in 1985 and annual VOC
emission projections through 1987 from stationary, mobile, and area sources in
El Paso County. It also documents the VOC reductions that occurred during 1985
to demonstrate "reasonable further progress" 9RFP) in reducing
emissions annually.
The SIP control strategy must
secure sufficient emission reductions to demonstrate attainment of the national
Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. The 1985 SIP for El Paso County
specifies that such reductions will result from VOC controls imposed on new
vehicles by the Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program (FMVCP) and controls
associated with (1) the inspection and maintenance requirements of emission
control equipment on highway vehicles, (2) implementation of transportation
control measures (TCMs), (3) reasonably available control technology (RACT)
applied to existing stationary sources, and (4) strict control of new
stationary VOC sources and modifications of existing new stationary VOC sources
and modifications of existing stationary VOC sources by the TACB permit review
program. The data used in this report have been compiled from TACB and local
government agency records. The El Paso Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO)
has carried out extensive analyses of transportation controls and has provided
current information on emission reductions of VOC from highway vehicles. A
progress report on TCM implementation developed for the 1985 RFP report by the
El Paso MPO has been included as Appendix A of this report. EPA document number
450/4-81-926c, Volume III, entitled "Procedures for Emission Inventory
Preparation, Area Sources," was used in estimating the projected VOC
emissions of area sources in El Paso County. TACB agency files and information
received from the TACB El Paso regional office were used to document VOC
emissions from permitted minor new source emission points, as well as emission
reductions due to the permanent shutdown of VOC sources in El Paso County. Additionally,
the Post-1982 SIP was used as a reference concerning ozone control and the VOC
emissions inventory for El Paso County.
Libraries with Item: UT-El Paso, Texas State Library - TD885.5.O74 T49 1986.
Texas Air Control
Board; Energy Technology Consultants. Identification of the sources of total
suspended particulate matter and particulate lead in the El Paso area by
quantitative microscopic analysis. Austin, Tex.: The Board, 1983. v. : p.,
ill., maps ;, 28 cm. Note(s): Tx Doc no.: A1200.8, Id2sot, 1983./
"February 1983." microscopic analysis. OCLC: 9824889070A.
ABSTACT:
The goals for this study were to characterize the contaminants typical in the
El Paso area and the extent to which El Paso air quality is influenced by
sources in Mexico. The investigations and analyses performed included
evaluation of existing air quality information, characterizations of ambient
concentrations of CO,SO2, TSP and lead, and assessment of significant sources
contributing to contaminants in the El Paso area. Various sample collection,
sample analysis, and receptor modeling methods were employed. Computer
controlled scanning electron microscopy was employed as the primary analytical
method in the study, with seven other methods used. The fingerprint/ratio
receptor model was used to identify sources of particulates, where samples from
monitoring stations were compared to information collected at specific emission
sites. The study found that most of the Total Suspended Particulate was
composed of material from urban soil, with figures ranging from 45% to 92% at
various sample sites. Industrial fugitive emissions, vehicle emissions, and
ASARCO smelting emissions accounted for 2% to 25% of TSP at sample sites.
Unknown particulate accounted for 3% to 13% of the TSP. The largest sources of
lead were the ASACRO smelter (2% to 63%) with vehicle emissions second (2% to
63%). Lead concentrations varied from 0.5ug/m3 to 9.6ug/m3. Computer controlled
scanning electron microscopy was found to be accurate in analyzing various
filter materials.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 628.53 ID2 V.1.
Texas Air Control
Board; Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Assessment of Primary
inhalable and Thoracic particulate matter emissions in the Houston-Galveston
and El Paso areas of Texas. Austin, Tex.: The Board, June, 1983. Tx Doc
no.: P-B467-070A.
ABSTACT:
In anticipation of the EPA revision of standards for particulate matter from
total suspended particulate matter to particulate matter smaller than 10 or 15
microns (PM-10, PM-15), Environmental Research & Technology was hired by
the board to assess the significance of emissions in the size ranges which
might pertain to areas in Texas. ERT estimated emissions of PM-10 and PM-15
based on TACB 1980 emissions inventories. ERT then conducted a literature review
to find information on the physical and chemical characteristics of emissions
from selected sources and physiological effects of aerosol properties. Primary
sources of PM-10 and PM-15 in El Paso were found to be a fluid catalytic
cracker, a copper reverberatory furnace, cement kilns, solid waste combustion,
and coal/coke handling. The elimination of all particulate emissions in the
area might reduce ambient PM-15 concentrations by 93% in the El Paso area. The
authors estimated that elimination of all stack particulate emissions could
reduce ambient PM-15 concentrations in El Paso by 6%, if fugitive dust was
excluded from the equation. Based on the studies, the authors concluded El Paso
would comply with standards at the upper end of the recommended range, and
might comply with standards at the lower end. The authors called for a detailed
comprehensive program to assess the relationships between emissions and
particulate matter concentrations. Such a study would provide information need
to assess the potential health effects of emissions.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 628.53 EN8A.
Texas Air Control
Board; Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Costs of inhalable
particulate matter control for major emission sources in the Houston-Galveston
and El Paso areas of Texas. Austin, Tex.: The Board, 1983. [83] leaves in
various foliations: p., ill. ;, 28 cm. Note(s): Tx Doc no.: A1200.8, C824/
"February, 1983."/ "P-B467-050." OCLC: 9675507.
ABSTRACT: This study was commissioned by TACB in anticipation of a change in
EPA's standards for suspended particulate standards. The objective of this
study was to establish the design basis of reasonably available control
technologies to reduce emissions of primary inhalable particulate matter from
the top 40 major sources located in Houston-Galveston and El Paso, and to
estimate the captial and annualized costs for those technologies. Alternative
control technologies were identified and evaluated on the basis of technical
feasibility and performance levels. The technologies studied were Venturi
scrubbers, Electrostatic precipitators, and fabric filters. Tables showing
capital and annualized cost along with cost-effectiveness of each control
system based on estimates were provided.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 363.7392 C82, UNIV OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO.
Texas Air Control
Board; Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Estimates of inhalable
and PM10 particulate matter emissions in Houston-Galveston and El Paso areas of
Texas. Austin, Tex. : The Board, 1982. ii, [50] p. ; p., 28 cm. Note(s): Tx
Doc no.: A1200.8, Es86he, Cover title., "August 1982.",
"PB-467-010-2." Bibliography: p. 6-1. OCLC: 9076394.
ABSTRACT:
This study was commissioned by TACB in anticipation of a change in EPA's
standards for suspended particulate standards. Previous studies showed that
ambient Inhalable Particulate (IP) and PM-10 vary from 40% to 90% of total
suspended particulate(TSP), with the lower percentages occurring at higher TSP
levels. Conversion factors were used to estimate IP and PM-10 were developed
using existing measurements from operations in El Paso, or from similar
operations in other cities. Fluid catalytic crackers, a copper reverberatory
furnace, cement kilns, solid waste combustion, and coal and coke handling were
found to be the major sources of emissions for IP and PM-10.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 363.7392 ES81, UNIV OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO.
Texas Air Control
Board; Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Identification of
inhalable particulate matter control technologies for major emission sources in
the Houston-Galveston and El Paso areas of Texas. Austin, Tex.: The Board,
1982. [45] leaves in various foliation's: p., ill. ;, 28 cm. Note(s): Tx Doc
no.: A1200.8, Id2/ "December, 1982."/ "P-B467-040." OCLC:
9675481.
ABSTACT:
In anticipation of the EPA revision of standards for particulate matter from
total suspended particulate matter to particulate matter smaller than 10 or 15
microns (PM-10, PM-15), Environmental Research & Technology was hired by
the board to assess the significance of emissions in the size ranges which
might pertain to areas in Texas. The objective of this study was to identify
and evaluate available control technologies capable of reducing emissions from
the top 40 major sources in Houston-Galveston and El Paso. Available control
technologies were evaluated on the bases of technical feasibility and
performance levels for each major source category. Control techniques fell into
three classes: 1) modification of the basic process to obtain a cleaner
operation, 2) fuel substitution, 3) tail-gas cleaning. This study was limited
to evaluation of tail-gas cleaning due to the specific nature of the process
design and operating data required for the first two methods, and because
tail-gas cleaning had demonstrated the highest degree of control for the
control of particulate matter in the inhalable size range. Tail-gas removal of
very small particles (10 microns and smaller) can pose significant
difficulties. Conventional particulate control systems, such as baghouses,
electrostatic precepitators, and some wet scrubbers have 95% efficiencies in
removing inhalable particulates. Efficiency curves show that the equipment is
least efficient in removing the very small, but physiologically critical, particles
in the 0.1 to 1.0 micron range. Removal efficiency increases with as the size
of the particles increases. Electrostatic controls have been incorporated into
wet scrubbers to improve collection efficiency for fine particles.
Flux-force/condensation scrubbers have achieved high collection efficiencies
for inhalable particles. Technical problems with fabric filters for oil-fired
combustion particles are caused by the particles permanently plugging the
filters. Electrostatic precipitators require regular wet washes to remove
sticky deposits from the collection plates when used for oil-fired combustion
particulates; because of the fire hazards of oil-fired particulates in
electrostatic precipitators EPA does not recommend their use for such
operations. The study ranked the control technologies on performance in the
following order: 1) Fabric Filters, 2) Electrostatic Precipitators, 3)
High-energy Venturi Scrubbers, 4) Low- or Medium-Energy Venturi Scrubbers, 5)
Packed Tower Wet Scrubbers, 6) High-Energy Cyclones, 7)Spray Tower Wet
Scrubbers, 8) Low-Energy Cyclones.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC - 363/7392 ID2, UNIV OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO.
Texas Air Control
Board; Energy Technology Consultants. Identification of the sources of total
suspended particulates particulate lead in the El Paso area by quantitative
microscopic analysis. Austin, Tex.: The Board, 1983. v. : p., ill., maps ;,
28 cm. Note(s): Tx Doc no.: A1200.8, Id2sot, 1983./ "February 1983."
microscopic analysis. OCLC:
9824889070A.
ABSTACT:
The goals for this study were to characterize the contaminants typical in the
El Paso area and the extent to which El Paso air quality is influenced by
sources in Mexico. The investigations and analyses performed included
evaluation of existing air quality information, characterizations of ambient
concentrations of CO,SO2, TSP and lead, and assessment of significant sources
contributing to contaminants in the El Paso area. Various sample collection,
sample analysis, and receptor modeling methods were employed. Computer
controlled scanning electron microscopy was employed as the primary analytical
method in the study, with seven other methods used. The fingerprint/ratio
receptor model was used to identify sources of particulates, where samples from
monitoring stations were compared to information collected at specific emission
sites. The study found that most of the Total Suspended Particulate was
composed of material from urban soil, with figures ranging from 45% to 92% at
various sample sites. Industrial fugitive emissions, vehicle emissions, and
ASARCO smelting emissions accounted for 2% to 25% of TSP at sample sites.
Unknown particulate accounted for 3% to 13% of the TSP. The largest sources of
lead were the ASACRO smelter (2% to 63%) with vehicle emissions second (2% to
63%). Lead concentrations varied from 0.5ug/m3 to 9.6ug/m3. Computer controlled
scanning electron microscopy was found to be accurate in analyzing various
filter materials.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC 628.53 ID2 V.1.
Texas Air Control
Board; Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Physical and chemical
characterization of emissions from selected sources in the Houston-Galveston
and El Paso areas of Texas 1983. Austin, Tex.: Texas Air Control Board,
1983. [36] leaves in various foliation's ; 28 cm. Note(s): Tx Doc no.: A1200.8,
P569/ "January 1983."/ "ERT B-467-020.". OCLC: 9688285.
Libraries with Item: TSLAC - A1200.8 P569.
Texas Air Control
Board; Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Physiologically
significant characteristics of primary particulate matter emissions in the
Houston-Galveston and El Paso areas of Texas. Austin, Tex.: The Board,
1980-1983? [29] leaves in various foliation's; p., ill.; 28 cm. SUBJECT(S): Air -- Pollution -- Texas --
Physiological effect, Air quality -- Texas. Note(s): Tx Doc no.: A1200.8,
P569s; "Report no. P-B467-030", Bibliography: leaf [29]. OCLC:
9675539.
ABSTRACT:
This study was conducted in response to the EPA considering revisions to
standards to total suspended particulate matter in the early 1980s. The TACB hired
ERT to assess the significance of particulate emissions in the ranges (10 or 15
micrometers in diameter) that EPA was considering. The objective of this study
was identification of particle properties of emissions which might be
appropriate bases for new or alternative standards. At the time, there was
neither adequate information or measurement levels to determine the individual
and synergystice health effects of particulate matter properties, so this study
used qualitative methods rather than quantitative means. While properties of
specific particles are known, variables such as where in the respiratory tract
the particles end up and the mix of particles of different chemical composition
may produce different physiological effects. Based on the potential adverse
health effects, the major sources of concern are coal and residual oil
combustion (trace metals), fluid catalytic crackers (PAH), coke ovens (PAH),
and copper and lead facilities (trace metals). Sources needing additional data
for evaluation of potential health hazards are waste oil, solid waste and
liquid waste combustion, molybdenum recovery, and the production of
acetaldehyde, plastic, and pesticides.
Libraries with Item: TEXAS STATE LIBR 363.7392 P56.
Texas Air Control
Board; Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Preliminary Estimates
of Inhalable and PM10 Particulate Matter Emissions in El Paso County.
Austin, Tex.: The Board, July, 1982. leaves in various foliations; p., ill.; 28
cm. SUBJECT(S): Air -- Pollution --
Texas -- Physiological effect, Air quality -- Texas. Note(s): Tx Doc no.:
A1200.8, P569s; "Report no. PB-467-010-1",
ABSTRACT:
This study was conducted in response to the EPA considering revisions to
standards to total suspended particulate matter in the early 1980s. The TACB
hired ERT to assess the significance of particulate emissions in the ranges (10
or 15 micrometers in diameter) that EPA was considering. ERT estimated
emissions in the range using TACB data on El Paso. The preliminary estimates of
inhalable particulate and PM10 found the major sources to be a copper
reverberatory furnace fluid catalytic crackers, and refinery solid waste
incineration. Recommendations for more reliable conversion factors for other
major sources of emissions were made.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC -- 363.7392 P91E.
Texas Air Control
Board; Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Recommendations for
future research activities on primary particulate emissions in the
Houston-Galveston and El Paso areas of Texas. Austin, Tex.: The Board,
1983. [14] leaves in various foliation's ; p., 28 cm. SUBJECT(S): Air quality
-- United States -- Texas, Air -- Pollution -- Texas. Note(s): Tx Doc no.:
A1200.8, R245f/ "February 1983."/ "ERT Document no.
P-B467-060." OCLC: 9824016
ABSTRACT:
This study was conducted in response to the EPA considering revisions to
standards to total suspended particulate matter in the early 1980s. The TACB
hired ERT to assess the significance of particulate emissions in the size
ranges which new standards might include. ERT estimated emissions of PM10 and
PM15 by using TACB 1980 emission inventories. ERT conducted a literature review
on physical and chemical characteristics of emissions and of alternative
control devices that could be used to reduce emissions. The authors recommended
that automated dichotomous samplers and high volume samplers be located in six
sites in El Paso. Meteorological factors, such as relative humidity, wind speed
and direction would be measured.
Libraries with Item: TEXAS STATE LIBR , UNIV OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO.
Texas Air Control
Board; Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Texas Gulf Coast
Area/El Paso Particulate Matter Study Design Project. Austin, Tex.: The
Board, 1980.
ABSTRACT:
This is an outline of a proposed study of PM in El Paso and the Texas Gulf
Coast Area. The major objectives were to characterize the nature of ambient
suspended PM, characterize the visibility-related nature of the ambient
atmosphere, identify and quantify contributions of sources to ambient PM and to
visibility-related characteristics, and enhance the TACB's capability to assess
the impact on air quality of increased use of fossil fuels in Texas.
Libraries with Item: TNRCC 628.53 T22G.
Texas Natural
Resource Conservation Commission. Air quality modeling guidelines /
prepared by New Source Review Permits Division. Austin, TX : Texas Natural
Resource Conservation Commission, Feb. 1999. Notes: 1 v. (various pagings) ; 28
cm.; "RG-25."; Includes bibliographical references.
ABSTRACT:
This publication is a revision of the 1997, 1996, and 1993 versions of
publication RG-25. The publication serves as a guide to the general techniques
and procedures suggested by TNRCC to determine a site/sources compliance with
TNRCC standards. The publication assumes that the reader has a basic
understanding of modeling theory and techniques and that the reader is an air
dispersion modeler. Appendix A lists NAAQS and TNRCC levels for SO, HO,
Sulfuric Acid, Sulfur, PM over 10 microns, PM-10, PM-25, NO, CO, Lead, Ozone,
and Fluorides. Appendix B covers screening factors and ratio techniques.
Appendix C lists meteorological stations by county. Appendix D has protocols
for how to do point surveys, and how to compile information for the discharge
permit process.
Texas Natural
Resource Conservation Commission. Air quality modeling guidelines.
Austin, Texas : Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, 1993.
Publication number RG-25.
ABSTRACT The publication served as a
guide to the general techniques and procedures suggested by TNRCC to determine
a site/sources compliance with TNRCC standards. The publication assumes that
the reader has a basic understanding of modeling theory and techniques and that
the reader is an air dispersion modeler. Appendix A lists NAAQS and TNRCC
levels for SO, Sulfuric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Hydrogen Sulfide, Beryllium,
Mercury, PM over 10 microns, PM-10, NO, CO, Lead, Ozone, and Fluorides.
Appendix B covers screening factors and ratio techniques. Appendix C lists
meteorological stations by county. Appendix D has protocols for how to do point
surveys, and how to compile information for the discharge permit process.
Texas Natural
Resource Conservation Commission. Carbon Monoxide Information, Activities
and Data. Last Modified: May 19, 1900. Retrieved May 24, 2002. From http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/monops/lessons/carboninfo.html
ABSTRACT:
Lesson plan for teachers and students on Carbon Monoxide. The gas is described
along with common sources and health effects described. Suggested activities
using TNRCC online resources that list CO levels in Houston, San Antonio, and
El Paso are described, including charting levels for the cities, comparing
those levels to national CO levels and EPA allowable standards.
Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. Lead Information, Activities and Data. Last Modified: May 19, 1900. Retrieved on May 23, 2002 from http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/monops/lessons/leadinfo
.
ABSTRACT:
Lesson plan for teachers and students on Lead. The Texas Natural Resource
Conservation Commission (TNRCC) offers background information, statistics, and
learning activities related to lead, intended for use with environmental
science classes of all grade levels. The statistics are for El Paso and Frisco
Texas. TNRCC provides the information as part of a series of lessons on air
quality. The metal is described along with common emission sources. Health
effects on humans from excessive exposure are described. Measurement procedures
and measures to reduce lead emissions are briefly discussed, with an
acknowledgement of emission sources form Juarez, Mexico. Suggested activities
using TNRCC datasets include plotting lead levels for El Paso and Frisco are
described.
Webb, Willis L. Mesometeorology at
PREFACE [abridged from book]: Air pollution problems have focused attention on the mesometeorological characteristics of our modern cities. From the crude first look in effect today for elimination of gross sources of atmospheric pollution, it is clear that application of mesometeorology must expand to provide input for systematic control of all industrial effluents (gases, particles, heat), control of high-speed freeway traffic and aircraft, and safety applications associated with accidents involving toxic materials, fires, epidemics and other disasters. A modern city requires advanced planning and sophisticated application techniques to assure that atmospheric effects are efficiently considered in regulating development and applying safety measures. In addition, future efforts at weather modification will raise innumerable problems in applying controls to this most important aspect of man’s environmental resources.
Meteorology has
played an important role in the scientific development of the
In the process of
expanding our meteorological frontiers upward in the global sense, small-scale
phenomena of significant impact on the ecology of the
The thesis that man’s control of his environment can be resolved by legislation for or against specific sources of atmospheric modification is a gross simplification. Man’s desire for material things and his rapidly increasing capabilities will force our industrial technology to press ever closer to the upper limits of acceptable local and global environmental pollution with contaminating gases, particulates, radiations and sounds.
Intelligent control and use of this
modification of the atmosphere can come only from an adequate knowledge of the
impact of pollutants on the